📅  最后修改于: 2020-12-21 01:59:22             🧑  作者: Mango
原型模式是指在考虑性能的同时创建重复的对象。这种设计模式属于创建模式,因为该模式提供了创建对象的最佳方法之一。
此模式涉及实现原型接口,该接口告诉您创建当前对象的克隆。当直接创建对象的成本很高时,使用此模式。例如,要在进行昂贵的数据库操作后创建一个对象。我们可以缓存对象,在下一个请求时返回其克隆,并在需要时更新数据库,从而减少数据库调用。
我们将创建一个抽象类Shape和扩展Shape类的具体类。下一步将ShapeCache类定义为将形状对象存储在Hashtable中并在需要时返回其副本的下一步。
PrototypPatternDemo ,我们的演示类将使用ShapeCache类来获取Shape对象。
创建一个实现Clonable接口的抽象类。
Shape.java
public abstract class Shape implements Cloneable {
private String id;
protected String type;
abstract void draw();
public String getType(){
return type;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Object clone() {
Object clone = null;
try {
clone = super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return clone;
}
}
创建扩展上述类的具体类。
Rectangle.java
public class Rectangle extends Shape {
public Rectangle(){
type = "Rectangle";
}
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method.");
}
}
Square.java
public class Square extends Shape {
public Square(){
type = "Square";
}
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Inside Square::draw() method.");
}
}
Circle.java
public class Circle extends Shape {
public Circle(){
type = "Circle";
}
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Inside Circle::draw() method.");
}
}
创建一个类以从数据库中获取具体的类并将其存储在Hashtable中。
ShapeCache.java
import java.util.Hashtable;
public class ShapeCache {
private static Hashtable shapeMap = new Hashtable();
public static Shape getShape(String shapeId) {
Shape cachedShape = shapeMap.get(shapeId);
return (Shape) cachedShape.clone();
}
// for each shape run database query and create shape
// shapeMap.put(shapeKey, shape);
// for example, we are adding three shapes
public static void loadCache() {
Circle circle = new Circle();
circle.setId("1");
shapeMap.put(circle.getId(),circle);
Square square = new Square();
square.setId("2");
shapeMap.put(square.getId(),square);
Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();
rectangle.setId("3");
shapeMap.put(rectangle.getId(), rectangle);
}
}
PrototypePatternDemo使用ShapeCache类来获取存储在Hashtable中的形状的克隆。
PrototypePatternDemo.java
public class PrototypePatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ShapeCache.loadCache();
Shape clonedShape = (Shape) ShapeCache.getShape("1");
System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape.getType());
Shape clonedShape2 = (Shape) ShapeCache.getShape("2");
System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape2.getType());
Shape clonedShape3 = (Shape) ShapeCache.getShape("3");
System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape3.getType());
}
}
验证输出。
Shape : Circle
Shape : Square
Shape : Rectangle