湖泊的重要性

该术语描述了一个地区的河流系统或通过不同渠道的水流。许多小溪河流从不同方向汇合形成主要河流，汇入湖泊、大海或海洋等大型水体。

The area drained by a single river and its tributaries is termed a drainage basin. The Amazon River is the world’s largest drainage basin. In India, The Ganga River is the largest drainage basin.

Any mountain or an upland that separates or divides the two drainage basins is termed as water divide.

印度的湖泊

India has a variety of lakes some are permanent and some are seasonal as some lakes contain water only at the time of rainy season like the lakes in the basins of inland drainage or semi-arid region, they differ from each other in size and some other characteristics also.

在印度发现的湖泊的要点如下：

• 在印度，一些湖泊是冰川和冰盖融化的结果，而其他湖泊则是由风、河流和人类活动形成的。一条蜿蜒穿过泛滥平原的河流形成分水岭，后来发展成牛弓湖。
• 唾液（这是海岸或湖岸的酒吧或海滩地貌的沉积物），酒吧（河流中已被水流沉积的高架沉积物区域）在沿海地区形成泻湖。例如 Chilika、Pulicat 和 Kolleru 湖。
• 内陆地区的湖泊是季节性的。例如，拉贾斯坦邦的咸水湖也被称为桑巴尔湖，用于生产盐。
• 淡水湖大多位于喜马拉雅地区，来自冰川地区。它们是在冰川形成一个盆地时形成的，该盆地后来充满了融雪。例如，乌拉尔湖是印度最大的淡水湖之一，位于查谟和克什米尔，这是构造活动的结果。
• 其他一些淡水湖有：达尔湖、比姆塔尔湖、奈尼塔尔湖、洛克塔克湖和巴拉帕尼湖。
• 通过对河流进行筑坝以产生水力发电也导致了各种湖泊的形成，例如由 Satluj 河筑坝形成的 Guru Gobind Sagar。

As per the given data, 71% of the world’s surface is covered with water but out of this, 97% of that is saltwater and 3% is available as freshwater, three-quarters of it covered as ice.

湖泊的重要性

1. 湖泊对人类非常有用，既可以作为旅游目的地，也可以用于划船、水上运动等体育活动，直接关系到个人的收入。
2. 湖泊还有助于在暴雨期间预防洪水，在旱季它有助于保持水流均匀。湖泊有助于维持河流的流动。
3. 湖泊可用于生产或开发水力发电。它们通过维持水生生态系统、增强自然美景来缓和气候环境，还有助于发展旅游业和提供娱乐。
4. 咸水湖也用于生产盐。

湖泊水污染

造成水污染的主要原因是——

• 大量未经处理的污水和工业废水被排入湖泊。由于这种过度分解导致水体变得高度污染。
• 由于水体附近的火葬，死去的动物和从施肥的农田中渗出的氮化合物也增加了污染。
• 流经农田或森林的雨水中的养分流失也是湖泊污染的另一个原因。

示例问题

问题一：什么是分水岭？举个例子？

回答：

Any mountain that separates or divides the two drainage basin, an upland is termed as water divide.

Example of water divide –

• Western ghats act as water divide between the west flowing rivers meeting the Arabian sea and east flowing rivers meeting the Bay of Bengal.
• The water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems is one of the major Water divide at Ambala. The Indus, the Sutlej and the Brahmaputra rivers rise very close to each other but because of the water divides they flow in different directions.

问题 2：定义内陆流域和泻湖？

回答：

Inland Drainage Basin: Its a point of land that absorbs water from rain or snow melt and drains downhill into a river, lake, reservoir, sea or ocean.

Lagoon: The stretch of salt water separated from the sea by a low sandbank or coral reef is termed as Lagoon.

问题3：桑巴尔湖的重要性是什么？

回答：

Importance of the Sambhar Lake –

1. It is India’s largest salt lake and which has made Rajasthan the thirds largest salt producing in India.
2. Every year It has produced about 2 lakh tonnes of clean. The salt has been produced by evaporation of brine.
3. This salt lake is also recognised as wetland of international importance because it is a key wintering area for flamingos and other birds that migrate from the Northern Asia.

问题四：奇利卡湖的重要性是什么？

回答：

Importance of the Chilika Lake – 

1. In Odisha, chilika lake is the largest brackish water lake in India.
2. Chilika Lake is the wintering ground for migratory birds of the Indian subcontinent.
3. The Chilika Lake is home to a number of threatened species of plants and animals. Its an ecosystem with large fishery resources sustaining 150000 fishermen living nearby.

问题 5：湖在印度经济中的作用是什么？

回答：

The role of Lake in Indian Economy is that lake provides water for irrigation, facility for navigation and to generate hydroelectric power etc. Another role is to used for the production of crop and major part of livelihood of the majority of population.