📅  最后修改于: 2021-01-11 13:12:11             🧑  作者: Mango
在UML图中,关系用于链接几件事。它是结构,行为或分组事物之间的联系。以下是下面列出的标准UML关系:
关联关系是一种结构关系,其中在系统内链接了不同的对象。它表现出代表活动的对象之间的二进制关系。它描述了对象之间的关系,例如一个老师,可以与多个老师关联。
它由类之间的一条线表示,后跟一个导航方向的箭头,当箭头在两侧时,则称为双向关联。我们可以通过在表示关联的行上添加装饰来指定关联的多重性。
例:
1)一个老师有多个学生。
2)一个学生可以与许多老师联系。
组成和聚集是关联的两个子集。在这两种情况下,一个类的对象都归另一类的对象所拥有。唯一的区别是,子项在组成上并不独立于其父项而存在,而在聚合中,子项不依赖于其父项,即独立。聚合是关联的一种特殊形式,组合是聚合的一种特殊形式。
聚合是关联的子集,是不同事物的集合。它代表有关系。它比关联更具体。它描述了整体或部分关系。这是一个二进制关联,即,它仅涉及两个类。这是一种孩子独立于父母的关系。
例如:
在这里,我们考虑一个汽车和一个车轮的例子。没有车轮,汽车就无法行驶。但是车轮可以与自行车,踏板车,自行车或任何其他车辆独立使用。车轮对象可以不存在汽车对象而存在,这证明是一种聚集关系。
组成是聚合的一部分,它描绘了整个部分的关系。它描述了组合(父)及其部分(子项)之间的依赖关系,这意味着如果丢弃该组合,则其部分也会被删除。它存在于相似对象之间。
从下面的示例中可以看到,构图关联关系将Person类与Brain类,Heart类和Legs类联系起来。如果该人被破坏,大脑,心脏和腿也将被丢弃。
Association | Aggregation | Composition |
---|---|---|
Association relationship is represented using an arrow. | Aggregation relationship is represented by a straight line with an empty diamond at one end. | The composition relationship is represented by a straight line with a black diamond at one end. |
In UML, it can exist between two or more classes. | It is a part of the association relationship. | It is a part of the aggregation relationship. |
It incorporates one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many association between the classes. | It exhibits a kind of weak relationship. | It exhibits a strong type of relationship. |
It can associate one more objects together. | In an aggregation relationship, the associated objects exist independently within the scope of the system. | In a composition relationship, the associated objects cannot exist independently within the scope of the system. |
In this, objects are linked together. | In this, the linked objects are independent of each other. | Here the linked objects are dependent on each other. |
It may or may not affect the other associated element if one element is deleted. | Deleting one element in the aggregation relationship does not affect other associated elements. | It affects the other element if one of its associated element is deleted. |
Example: A tutor can associate with multiple students, or one student can associate with multiple teachers. | Example: A car needs a wheel for its proper functioning, but it may not require the same wheel. It may function with another wheel as well. | Example: If a file is placed in a folder and that is folder is deleted. The file residing inside that folder will also get deleted at the time of folder deletion. |