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📜  在Python中实现联系人目录

📅  最后修改于: 2022-05-13 01:55:28.206000             🧑  作者: Mango

在Python中实现联系人目录

我们的任务是实现一个智能手机目录，该目录从用户那里收集联系数据，直到用户提示程序。联系人数据是指联系人的姓名、电话号码、出生日期、联系人所属的类别（朋友、家庭、工作、其他）、电子邮件地址。用户可以在提到的数据标签中输入尽可能多的数据。如果某些标签仍然没有数据，请将其存储为无。姓名和号码是创建联系人所必需的。对目录执行以下操作：插入、删除、搜索、显示。

方法 ：
我们使用了 2D 列表概念并在 Python3 中实现了相同的概念。这段代码一共使用了8个函数，分别是：

  • initial_phonebook() ：第一个运行的函数，它初始化电话簿。
  • menu() ：它显示用户可用的选项并返回输入的选项。
  • add_contact() ：它将新联系人添加到联系人目录。
  • remove_existing() ：它从联系人目录中删除现有联系人。
  • delete_all() ：它从联系人目录中删除所有联系人。
  • display_all() ：显示联系人目录中的所有联系人。
  • search_existing() ：它将搜索并显示联系人目录中的现有联系人。
  • 谢谢（） ：

保持用户体验和用户界面，我们使代码简单、易读和交互。您可能会也可能不会完全按照下面描述的方式使用所有功能。请通过代码解决方案。

请尝试在您的Python IDLE 上运行此代码，因为如果您在此处运行，则可能会出现一些错误，因为需要用户输入。您也可以在 GFG 上打开 IDE 页面并在那里运行您的代码，而不是直接从代码片段运行。

python3
# importing the module
import sys
 
# this function will be the first to run as soon as the main function executes
def initial_phonebook():
    rows, cols = int(input("Please enter initial number of contacts: ")), 5
     
    # We are collecting the initial number of contacts the user wants to have in the
    # phonebook already. User may also enter 0 if he doesn't wish to enter any.
    phone_book = []
    print(phone_book)
    for i in range(rows):
        print("\nEnter contact %d details in the following order (ONLY):" % (i+1))
        print("NOTE: * indicates mandatory fields")
        print("....................................................................")
        temp = []
        for j in range(cols):
                     
        # We have taken the conditions for values of j only for the personalized fields
        # such as name, number, e-mail id, dob, category etc
            if j == 0:
                temp.append(str(input("Enter name*: ")))
                 
                # We need to check if the user has left the name empty as its mentioned that
                # name & number are mandatory fields.
                # So implement a condition to check as below.
                if temp[j] == '' or temp[j] == ' ':
                    sys.exit(
                        "Name is a mandatory field. Process exiting due to blank field...")
                    # This will exit the process if a blank field is encountered.
                     
            if j == 1:
                temp.append(int(input("Enter number*: ")))
                # We do not need to check if user has entered the number because int automatically
                # takes care of it. Int value cannot accept a blank as that counts as a string.
                # So process automatically exits without us using the sys package.
                 
            if j == 2:
                temp.append(str(input("Enter e-mail address: ")))
                # Even if this field is left as blank, None will take the blank's place
                if temp[j] == '' or temp[j] == ' ':
                    temp[j] = None
                     
            if j == 3:
                temp.append(str(input("Enter date of birth(dd/mm/yy): ")))
                # Whatever format the user enters dob in, it won't make a difference to the compiler
                # Only while searching the user will have to enter query exactly the same way as
                # he entered during the input so as to ensure accurate searches
                if temp[j] == '' or temp[j] == ' ':
                                     
                # Even if this field is left as blank, None will take the blank's place
                    temp[j] = None
            if j == 4:
                temp.append(
                    str(input("Enter category(Family/Friends/Work/Others): ")))
                # Even if this field is left as blank, None will take the blank's place
                if temp[j] == "" or temp[j] == ' ':
                    temp[j] = None
                     
        phone_book.append(temp)
        # By this step we are appending a list temp into a list phone_book
        # That means phone_book is a 2-D array and temp is a 1-D array
     
    print(phone_book)
    return phone_book
 
def menu():
    # We created this simple menu function for
    # code reusability & also for an interactive console
    # Menu func will only execute when called
    print("********************************************************************")
    print("\t\t\tSMARTPHONE DIRECTORY", flush=False)
    print("********************************************************************")
    print("\tYou can now perform the following operations on this phonebook\n")
    print("1. Add a new contact")
    print("2. Remove an existing contact")
    print("3. Delete all contacts")
    print("4. Search for a contact")
    print("5. Display all contacts")
    print("6. Exit phonebook")
 
    # Out of the provided 6 choices, user needs to enter any 1 choice among the 6
    # We return the entered choice to the calling function wiz main in our case
    choice = int(input("Please enter your choice: "))
     
    return choice
 
def add_contact(pb):
    # Adding a contact is the easiest because all you need to do is:
    # append another list of details into the already existing list
    dip = []
    for i in range(len(pb[0])):
        if i == 0:
            dip.append(str(input("Enter name: ")))
        if i == 1:
            dip.append(int(input("Enter number: ")))
        if i == 2:
            dip.append(str(input("Enter e-mail address: ")))
        if i == 3:
            dip.append(str(input("Enter date of birth(dd/mm/yy): ")))
        if i == 4:
            dip.append(
                str(input("Enter category(Family/Friends/Work/Others): ")))
    pb.append(dip)
    # And once you modify the list, you return it to the calling function wiz main, here.
    return pb
 
def remove_existing(pb):
    # This function is to remove a contact's details from existing phonebook
    query = str(
        input("Please enter the name of the contact you wish to remove: "))
    # We'll collect name of the contact and search if it exists in our phonebook
     
    temp = 0
    # temp is a checking variable here. We assigned a value 0 to temp.
     
    for i in range(len(pb)):
        if query == pb[i][0]:
            temp += 1
            # Temp will be incremented & it won't be 0 anymore in this function's scope
             
            print(pb.pop(i))
            # The pop function removes entry at index i
             
            print("This query has now been removed")
            # printing a confirmation message after removal.
            # This ensures that removal was successful.
            # After removal we will return the modified phonebook to the calling function
            # which is main in our program
             
            return pb
    if temp == 0:
        # Now if at all any case matches temp should've incremented but if otherwise,
        # temp will remain 0 and that means the query does not exist in this phonebook
        print("Sorry, you have entered an invalid query.\
    Please recheck and try again later.")
         
        return pb
 
def delete_all(pb):
    # This function will simply delete all the entries in the phonebook pb
    # It will return an empty phonebook after clearing
    return pb.clear()
 
def search_existing(pb):
    # This function searches for an existing contact and displays the result
    choice = int(input("Enter search criteria\n\n\
    1. Name\n2. Number\n3. Email-id\n4. DOB\n5. Category(Family/Friends/Work/Others)\
    \nPlease enter: "))
    # We're doing so just to ensure that the user experiences a customized search result
     
    temp = []
    check = -1
     
    if choice == 1:
    # This will execute for searches based on contact name
        query = str(
            input("Please enter the name of the contact you wish to search: "))
        for i in range(len(pb)):
            if query == pb[i][0]:
                check = i
                temp.append(pb[i])
                 
    elif choice == 2:
    # This will execute for searches based on contact number
        query = int(
            input("Please enter the number of the contact you wish to search: "))
        for i in range(len(pb)):
            if query == pb[i][1]:
                check = i
                temp.append(pb[i])
                 
    elif choice == 3:
    # This will execute for searches based on contact's e-mail address
        query = str(input("Please enter the e-mail ID\
        of the contact you wish to search: "))
        for i in range(len(pb)):
            if query == pb[i][2]:
                check = i
                temp.append(pb[i])
                 
    elif choice == 4:
    # This will execute for searches based on contact''s date of birth
        query = str(input("Please enter the DOB (in dd/mm/yyyy format ONLY)\
            of the contact you wish to search: "))
        for i in range(len(pb)):
            if query == pb[i][3]:
                check = i
                temp.append(pb[i])
                 
    elif choice == 5:
    # This will execute for searches based on contact category
        query = str(
            input("Please enter the category of the contact you wish to search: "))
        for i in range(len(pb)):
            if query == pb[i][4]:
                check = i
                temp.append(pb[i])
        # All contacts under query category will be shown using this feature
         
    else:
    # If the user enters any other choice then the search will be unsuccessful
        print("Invalid search criteria")
        return -1
    # returning -1 indicates that the search was unsuccessful
     
    # all the searches are stored in temp and all the results will be displayed with
    # the help of display function
     
    if check == -1:
        return -1
        # returning -1 indicates that the query did not exist in the directory
    else:
        display_all(temp)
        return check
        # we're just returning a index value wiz not -1 to calling function just to notify
        # that the search worked successfully
 
# this function displays all content of phonebook pb
def display_all(pb):
    if not pb:
    # if display function is called after deleting all contacts then the len will be 0
    # And then without this condition it will throw an error
        print("List is empty: []")
    else:
        for i in range(len(pb)):
            print(pb[i])
 
def thanks():
# A simple gesture of courtesy towards the user to enhance user experience
    print("********************************************************************")
    print("Thank you for using our Smartphone directory system.")
    print("Please visit again!")
    print("********************************************************************")
    sys.exit("Goodbye, have a nice day ahead!")
 
# Main function code
print("....................................................................")
print("Hello dear user, welcome to our smartphone directory system")
print("You may now proceed to explore this directory")
print("....................................................................")
# This is solely meant for decoration purpose only.
# You're free to modify your interface as per your will to make it look interactive
 
ch = 1
pb = initial_phonebook()
while ch in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5):
    ch = menu()
    if ch == 1:
        pb = add_contact(pb)
    elif ch == 2:
        pb = remove_existing(pb)
    elif ch == 3:
        pb = delete_all(pb)
    elif ch == 4:
        d = search_existing(pb)
        if d == -1:
            print("The contact does not exist. Please try again")
    elif ch == 5:
        display_all(pb)
    else:
        thanks()

输出：我们将逐段查看该程序的输出。
最初，将显示以下内容：

在开始时，我们将输入 2 个联系人：

现在要添加一个新联系人，根据菜单我们将按 1 ：

我们可以通过按 5 查看所有联系人：

要删除联系人，我们必须输入 2 ：

要搜索联系人，我们必须按 4 ：

我们可以通过按 3 删除所有联系人：

要查看所有联系人，请按 5，因为我们刚刚删除了它们，所以不会显示任何内容：

要退出程序，请输入 6 ：