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📜  数组中最不频繁元素的C++程序

📅  最后修改于: 2022-05-13 01:55:38.468000             🧑  作者: Mango

数组中最不频繁元素的C++程序

给定一个数组,找出其中出现频率最低的元素。如果有多个元素出现次数最少,则打印其中任何一个。
例子 :

Input : arr[] = {1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1}
Output : 3
3 appears minimum number of times in given
array.

Input : arr[] = {10, 20, 30}
Output : 10 or 20 or 30

一个简单的解决方案是运行两个循环。外循环一一挑选所有元素。内部循环找到拾取元素的频率并与迄今为止的最小值进行比较。该解决方案的时间复杂度为 O(n 2 )
更好的解决方案是进行排序。我们首先对数组进行排序,然后线性遍历数组。

C++
// CPP program to find the least frequent element
// in an array.
#include 
using namespace std;
  
int leastFrequent(int arr[], int n)
{
    // Sort the array
    sort(arr, arr + n);
  
    // find the min frequency using linear traversal
    int min_count = n+1, res = -1, curr_count = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        if (arr[i] == arr[i - 1])
            curr_count++;
        else {
            if (curr_count < min_count) {
                min_count = curr_count;
                res = arr[i - 1];
            }
            curr_count = 1;
        }
    }
   
    // If last element is least frequent
    if (curr_count < min_count)
    {
        min_count = curr_count;
        res = arr[n - 1];
    }
  
    return res;
}
  
// driver program
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1};
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout << leastFrequent(arr, n);
    return 0;
}


C++
// CPP program to find the least frequent element
// in an array.
#include 
using namespace std;
  
int leastFrequent(int arr[], int n)
{
    // Insert all elements in hash.
    unordered_map hash;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        hash[arr[i]]++;
  
    // find the min frequency
    int min_count = n+1, res = -1;
    for (auto i : hash) {
        if (min_count >= i.second) {
            res = i.first;
            min_count = i.second;
        }
    }
  
    return res;
}
  
// driver program
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1};
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout << leastFrequent(arr, n);
    return 0;
}


输出:
3

时间复杂度: O(n Log n)
辅助空间: O(1)
一个有效的解决方案是使用散列。我们创建一个哈希表并将元素及其频率计数存储为键值对。最后我们遍历哈希表并打印具有最小值的键。

C++

// CPP program to find the least frequent element
// in an array.
#include 
using namespace std;
  
int leastFrequent(int arr[], int n)
{
    // Insert all elements in hash.
    unordered_map hash;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        hash[arr[i]]++;
  
    // find the min frequency
    int min_count = n+1, res = -1;
    for (auto i : hash) {
        if (min_count >= i.second) {
            res = i.first;
            min_count = i.second;
        }
    }
  
    return res;
}
  
// driver program
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1};
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout << leastFrequent(arr, n);
    return 0;
}
输出:
3

时间复杂度: O(n)
辅助空间: O(n)

有关更多详细信息,请参阅有关数组中最不频繁元素的完整文章!