数组旋转的反转算法
编写一个函数rotate(arr[], d, n) 将大小为 n 的 arr[] 旋转 d 个元素。
例子 :
Input : arr[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
d = 2
Output : arr[] = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2]
将上述数组旋转 2 次将生成数组
本文讨论了将数组旋转 d 个元素的前 3 种方法。
方法4(反转算法):
算法 :
rotate(arr[], d, n)
reverse(arr[], 1, d) ;
reverse(arr[], d + 1, n);
reverse(arr[], 1, n);
令 AB 是输入数组的两部分,其中 A = arr[0..d-1] 和 B = arr[d..n-1]。该算法的思想是:
- 将 A 倒转得到 ArB,其中 Ar 是 A 的倒数。
- 将 B 倒转得到 ArBr,其中 Br 是 B 的倒数。
- 反转所有得到 (ArBr) r = BA。
例子 :
设数组为 arr[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], d =2 and n = 7
A = [1, 2] 和 B = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
- 反向A,我们得到ArB = [2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
- 逆向 B,我们得到 ArBr = [2, 1, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3]
- 反转所有,我们得到 (ArBr)r = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2]
以下是上述方法的实现:
C++
// C++ program for reversal algorithm
// of array rotation
#include
using namespace std;
/*Function to reverse arr[] from index start to end*/
void reverseArray(int arr[], int start, int end)
{
while (start < end) {
int temp = arr[start];
arr[start] = arr[end];
arr[end] = temp;
start++;
end--;
}
}
/* Function to left rotate arr[] of size n by d */
void leftRotate(int arr[], int d, int n)
{
if (d == 0)
return;
// in case the rotating factor is
// greater than array length
d = d % n;
reverseArray(arr, 0, d - 1);
reverseArray(arr, d, n - 1);
reverseArray(arr, 0, n - 1);
}
// Function to print an array
void printArray(int arr[], int size)
{
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
/* Driver program to test above functions */
int main()
{
int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
int d = 2;
// Function calling
leftRotate(arr, d, n);
printArray(arr, n);
return 0;
}
C
// C/C++ program for reversal algorithm of array rotation
#include
/*Utility function to print an array */
void printArray(int arr[], int size);
/* Utility function to reverse arr[] from start to end */
void reverseArray(int arr[], int start, int end);
/* Function to left rotate arr[] of size n by d */
void leftRotate(int arr[], int d, int n)
{
if (d == 0)
return;
// in case the rotating factor is
// greater than array length
d = d % n;
reverseArray(arr, 0, d - 1);
reverseArray(arr, d, n - 1);
reverseArray(arr, 0, n - 1);
}
/*UTILITY FUNCTIONS*/
/* function to print an array */
void printArray(int arr[], int size)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
/*Function to reverse arr[] from index start to end*/
void reverseArray(int arr[], int start, int end)
{
int temp;
while (start < end) {
temp = arr[start];
arr[start] = arr[end];
arr[end] = temp;
start++;
end--;
}
}
/* Driver program to test above functions */
int main()
{
int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
int d = 2;
leftRotate(arr, d, n);
printArray(arr, n);
return 0;
}
Java
// Java program for reversal algorithm of array rotation
import java.io.*;
class LeftRotate {
/* Function to left rotate arr[] of size n by d */
static void leftRotate(int arr[], int d)
{
if (d == 0)
return;
int n = arr.length;
// in case the rotating factor is
// greater than array length
d = d % n;
reverseArray(arr, 0, d - 1);
reverseArray(arr, d, n - 1);
reverseArray(arr, 0, n - 1);
}
/*Function to reverse arr[] from index start to end*/
static void reverseArray(int arr[], int start, int end)
{
int temp;
while (start < end) {
temp = arr[start];
arr[start] = arr[end];
arr[end] = temp;
start++;
end--;
}
}
/*UTILITY FUNCTIONS*/
/* function to print an array */
static void printArray(int arr[])
{
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
/* Driver program to test above functions */
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
int n = arr.length;
int d = 2;
leftRotate(arr, d); // Rotate array by d
printArray(arr);
}
}
/*This code is contributed by Devesh Agrawal*/
Python3
# Python program for reversal algorithm of array rotation
# Function to reverse arr[] from index start to end
def reverseArray(arr, start, end):
while (start < end):
temp = arr[start]
arr[start] = arr[end]
arr[end] = temp
start += 1
end = end-1
# Function to left rotate arr[] of size n by d
def leftRotate(arr, d):
if d == 0:
return
n = len(arr)
# in case the rotating factor is
# greater than array length
d = d % n
reverseArray(arr, 0, d-1)
reverseArray(arr, d, n-1)
reverseArray(arr, 0, n-1)
# Function to print an array
def printArray(arr):
for i in range(0, len(arr)):
print (arr[i],end=' ')
# Driver function to test above functions
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
n = len(arr)
d = 2
leftRotate(arr, d) # Rotate array by 2
printArray(arr)
# This code is contributed by Devesh Agrawal
C#
// C# program for reversal algorithm
// of array rotation
using System;
class GFG {
/* Function to left rotate arr[]
of size n by d */
static void leftRotate(int[] arr, int d)
{
if (d == 0)
return;
int n = arr.Length;
// in case the rotating factor is
// greater than array length
d = d % n;
reverseArray(arr, 0, d - 1);
reverseArray(arr, d, n - 1);
reverseArray(arr, 0, n - 1);
}
/* Function to reverse arr[] from
index start to end*/
static void reverseArray(int[] arr, int start,
int end)
{
int temp;
while (start < end) {
temp = arr[start];
arr[start] = arr[end];
arr[end] = temp;
start++;
end--;
}
}
/*UTILITY FUNCTIONS*/
/* function to print an array */
static void printArray(int[] arr)
{
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
Console.Write(arr[i] + " ");
}
// Driver code
public static void Main()
{
int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
int n = arr.Length;
int d = 2;
leftRotate(arr, d); // Rotate array by 2
printArray(arr);
}
}
// This code is contributed by Sam007
PHP
Javascript
输出 :
3 4 5 6 7 1 2
时间复杂度: O(n)
辅助空间:O(1)