如何从有偏见的硬币中制作公平硬币?
概率是衡量在所有可能的结果中出现令人满意的结果的概率的量度。概率使期望或想要的结果成为概率事件的最终结果的机会。除了想要的结果之外的所有其他结果都属于不想要的结果。想要的和不想要的结果的概率总和为 1。数学世界中的概率给出了期望结果与概率事件总结果的比率。
Probability of an Event = Total Chances of Wanted Outcome to Appear/ Total Outcomes
根据概率事件的执行方式,概率分为两大类:
- 公平概率:应用通用概率原则和规则并且每个结果都被适当考虑作为概率场景的最终结果的概率场景,属于此类公平概率事件。
- 不公平概率:未应用通用概率原则和规则且未适当考虑每个结果作为概率情景的最终结果的概率情景,属于此类不公平概率事件。
现在我们讨论公平和不公平的硬币:
公平币
一个公平的硬币有一个头和一个尾。这两种结果都有相同的机会成为事件的最终结果。公平硬币出现正面的概率是 1/2。同样,公平硬币的反面概率是 1/2。
公平硬币的一对结果: 一头一尾
不公平的硬币
一个公平的硬币有一个头和一个尾。这两种结果都有相同的机会成为事件的最终结果。不公平硬币出现正面的概率是 2/2 或 1。类似地,不公平硬币出现反面的概率是 2/2 或 1。
不公平硬币的两对可能结果:
- 两个头
- 两条尾巴
如何从有偏见的硬币中制作公平硬币?
解决方案:
Yes, it is possible to transform an unfair coin into a Fair. To make an unfair coin fair, follow the below steps:-
Step 1: Calculate the total outputs of the given coin.
Step 2: Compare the outputs with a generic coin.
Step 3: Replace the output which exceeds the output that’s not present.
Step 4: Recheck and match both the outputs. The outputs should replicate the outputs of a Generic Coin.
例子:
We have an unfair coin with two tails. Now we make an unfair coin to fair using the following steps:
Step 1: Calculate the total outputs of the given coin. Here, we find that both the outputs are tails.
Step 2: Compare the outputs with a Generic Coin (One Head and One Tail).
Step 3: Replace the output which exceeds with the output that’s not present. Here, tail is the output which exceeds and heads is the output which is not present. So, we will replace one tails with one heads.
Step 4: Recheck and match both the outputs. The outputs should replicate the outputs of a generic coin. The outputs of the coin should be one heads and one tails.
类似问题
问题 1. 列出 Generic Coin 的输出。
解决方案:
A Generic Coin has One Head and One Tail.
问题 2. 给出公平硬币的每个结果的概率。
解决方案:
Probability of Heads = 1/2
Probability of Tails = 1/2
问题 3. 如何检查硬币是公平的还是不公平的。
解决方案:
Calculate the outputs of the given coin. Compare the outputs with a generic coin output (One Heads and One Tails). If the outputs match with that of a generic coin, then the coin can be called a fair coin.
问题 4. Unfair Coin 的特征是什么?
解决方案:
An Unfair Coin has either Two Heads or Two Tails.