Python中的 Matplotlib.axes.Axes.specgram()

Matplotlib是Python中的一个库，它是 NumPy 库的数值数学扩展。 Axes 类包含大部分图形元素：Axis、Tick、Line2D、Text、Polygon 等，并设置坐标系。 Axes 的实例通过回调属性支持回调。

matplotlib.axes.Axes.specgram()函数

matplotlib 库的 axes 模块中的Axes.specgram()函数用于绘制频谱图。

Syntax: Axes.specgram(self, x, NFFT=None, Fs=None, Fc=None, detrend=None, window=None, noverlap=None, cmap=None, xextent=None, pad_to=None, sides=None, scale_by_freq=None, mode=None, scale=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, *, data=None, **kwargs)

Parameters: This method accept the following parameters that are described below:

• x: This parameter is a sequence of data.
• Fs : This parameter is a scalar. Its default value is 2.
• window: This parameter take a data segment as an argument and return the windowed version of the segment. Its default value is window_hanning()
• sides: This parameter specifies which sides of the spectrum to return. This can have following values : ‘default’, ‘onesided’ and ‘twosided’.
• pad_to : This parameter contains the integer value to which the data segment is padded.
• Fc: This parameter is also contains the integer value to offsets the x extents of the plot to reflect the frequency range. Its default value is 0
• NFFT : This parameter contains the number of data points used in each block for the FFT.
• detrend : This parameter contains the function applied to each segment before fft-ing, designed to remove the mean or linear trend {‘none’, ‘mean’, ‘linear’}.
• scale_by_freq : This parameter is allows for integration over the returned frequency values.
• mode : This parameter is that what sort of spectrum to use {‘default’, ‘psd’, ‘magnitude’, ‘angle’, ‘phase’}.
• noverlap : This parameter is the number of points of overlap between blocks.
• scale : This parameter contains the scaling of the values in the spec {‘default’, ‘linear’, ‘dB’}.
• Fc : This parameter is the center frequency of x.
• camp: This parameter is a matplotlib.colors.Colormap instance.

Returns: This returns the following:

• spectrum :This returns the angle spectrum in radians.
• freqs :This returns the frequencies corresponding to the elements in spectrum.
• t: This returns the times corresponding to midpoints of segments.
• im: This returns the image created by imshow containing the spectrogram.

The resultant is (spectrum, freqs, t, im)

下面的示例说明了 matplotlib.axes 中的 matplotlib.axes.Axes.specgram()函数：

示例 1：

# Implementation of matplotlib function
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
  
dt = 0.005
t = np.arange(0.0, 20.0, dt)
x = np.sin(np.pi * t) + 1.5 * np.cos(np.pi * t)
  
fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.specgram(x, Fs = 1)
ax1.set_title('matplotlib.axes.Axes.specgram() Example')
  
plt.show()

输出：

示例 2：

# Implementation of matplotlib function
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
  
np.random.seed(9360801)
  
dt = 0.0005
t = np.arange(0.0, 20.0, dt)
s1 = np.sin(4 * np.pi * 100 * t)
s2 = 1.5 * np.sin(1.5 * np.pi * 400 * t)
  
s2[t <= 10] = s2[12 <= t] = 0
  
nse = 0.2 * np.random.random(size = len(t))
  
x = s1 + s2 + nse  
NFFT = 512 
Fs = int(1.0 / dt)  
  
fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.specgram(x, Fs = Fs, cmap = plt.cm.bone)
ax1.set_title('matplotlib.axes.Axes.specgram() Example')
  
plt.show()

输出：