用于分层继承的 C# 程序

继承是面向对象编程的一个基本方面。超类，也称为基类，是其成员被继承的类，而子类，也称为派生类，是从超类继承的类。它们也分别称为父类和子类。就像孩子继承父母的特征，父母继承他们前辈的特征一样，编程语言中的继承也是如此。

层次继承

就技术术语和面向对象方面而言，它是一种将特征从父类传输到基类、子类或子类的方式。父类或超类是从中获取属性的类，即继承特征。层次继承描述了一个父类被多个子类继承的情况。从单个父类或基类继承多个类的继承类型称为分层继承。基类与父类共享许多相同的属性，尤其是那些在父类中通用的属性。一个基类会产生许多类。这就像有几个孩子，每个孩子都有自己从父母那里获得的一系列特征。例如，在下图中，类 A 作为子类 B、C 和 D 的基类（父类）。

示例 1：

下面例子中的基类是Father，派生类是ChildFirst 和ChildSecond。我们已经从两个派生类创建了对象，并且正在调用相同的基类函数。

C#

// C# program to illustrate the above concept
using System;
  
// Base Class
public class Father 
{
    public string FatherName() 
    { 
        return "Ravi"; 
    }
}
  
// Derived Class
public class ChildFirst : Father 
{
    public string ChildDName() 
    { 
        return "Rohan"; 
    }
}
  
// Derived Class
public class ChildSecond : Father 
{
    public string ChildDName() 
    { 
        return "Nikhil"; 
    }
}
  
class GFG{
  
static public void Main()
{
    ChildFirst first = new ChildFirst();
      
    // Displaying Child Name and Father Name for
    // ChildFirst
    Console.WriteLine("My name is " + first.ChildDName() + 
                      ". My father name is " + 
                      first.FatherName() + ".");
    ChildSecond second = new ChildSecond();
      
    // Displaying Child Name and Father Name for
    // ChildSecond
    Console.WriteLine("My name is " + second.ChildDName() + 
                      ". My father name is " + 
                      second.FatherName() + ".");
}
}

输出

My name is Rohan. My father name is Ravi.
My name is Nikhil. My father name is Ravi.

示例 2：

在以下代码中，我们创建了三个类：Person、Teacher 和 Doctor。在这个例子中，Person 类同时被 Teacher 和 Doctor 类继承。每个类中的构造函数用于初始化数据成员。然后我们创建了Teacher 和Doctor 对象并使用TeacherDetails() 和DoctorDetails() 分别为Teacher 和Doctor 生成信息。

C＃

// C# program to illustrate the above concept
using System;
  
// Base Class
class Person 
{
    public string name;
    public int aadhar_id;
    public int age;
      
    public Person(int aadhar_id, int age, string name)
    {
        this.aadhar_id = aadhar_id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
}
  
// Derived Class
class Teacher : Person 
{
    public int teacher_salary;
  
    public Teacher(int aadhar_id, int salary, 
                   string name, int age) : base(aadhar_id, 
                                                age, name)
    {
        teacher_salary = salary;
    }
    public void TeacherDetails()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("teacher ID:      " + aadhar_id);
        Console.WriteLine("teacher Name:    " + name);
        Console.WriteLine("teacher Salary:  " + teacher_salary);
        Console.WriteLine("teacher Age:     " + age);
    }
}
  
// Derived Class
class Doctor : Person 
{
    public int doctor_fees;
  
    public Doctor(int aadhar_id, int fees, 
                  string name, int age) : base(aadhar_id, 
                                               age, name)
    {
        doctor_fees = fees;
    }
    public void DoctorDetails()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Doctor ID:      " + aadhar_id);
        Console.WriteLine("Doctor Name:    " + name);
        Console.WriteLine("Doctor Fees:    " + doctor_fees);
        Console.WriteLine("Doctor Age:     " + age);
    }
}
  
class GFG{
  
static public void Main()
{
      
    // Creating objects
    Teacher t = new Teacher(25054, 50000, "Sanjay", 28);
    Doctor d = new Doctor(25045, 750, "Rohit", 32);
  
    t.TeacherDetails();
    Console.WriteLine(
        "-----------------------------------");
    d.DoctorDetails();
}
}

输出

teacher ID:      25054
teacher Name:    Sanjay
teacher Salary:  50000
teacher Age:     28
-----------------------------------
Doctor ID:      25045
Doctor Name:    Rohit
Doctor Fees:    750
Doctor Age:     32