📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:07:09.238000             🧑  作者: Mango
在分布式系统中,多个节点(进程)共享同一个资源时,为了避免并发访问造成的数据混乱,需要对访问该资源的临界区进行互斥控制。常用的互斥算法有 Peterson 算法、Lamport 算法等。本文要介绍的是一种基于消息传递的分布式系统中的互斥算法 -- Suzuki-Kasami 算法。
Suzuki-Kasami 算法是基于 Ricart-Agrawala 算法和 Maekawa 算法发展而来的。该算法假设所有节点都是对称的,每个节点都可以发送、接收消息。该算法主要包含两个阶段:请求阶段和批准阶段。
节点在请求进入临界区时,需要向其他节点发送请求消息。此时,节点需要记录自己的请求信息,并等待所有节点的响应。具体步骤如下:
在收到其他节点的请求消息后,节点需要判断是否应该批准该节点进入临界区。若应该批准,则向该节点发送批准消息,否则不发送任何消息。具体步骤如下:
下面是 Suzuki-Kasami 算法的 Python 实现代码:
'''
Suzuki-Kasami Algorithm
'''
from threading import Thread
from queue import PriorityQueue
class Node:
def __init__(self, id):
self.id = id
self.ts = 0 # timestamp of last request
self.queue = PriorityQueue() # heap priority queue
self.mutex = False # access permission to critical section
self.reply_received = [False] * n # reply received from i-th node
self.request_received = [False] * n # request received from i-th node
def request_cs(self):
global num_nodes
self.ts += 1
self.mutex = False
self.reply_received = [False] * n
self.request_received[self.id] = True
for i in range(num_nodes):
if i == self.id:
continue
msg = ('request', self.ts, self.id)
self.send_msg(msg, i)
while not self.mutex:
pass
def release_cs(self):
global num_nodes
self.mutex = True
self.request_received[self.id] = False
for i in range(num_nodes):
if i == self.id:
continue
if self.queue.qsize() > 0:
_, ts, j = self.queue.get()
self.ts = max(self.ts, ts)
msg = ('reply', self.ts, self.id)
self.send_msg(msg, j)
self.reply_received[j] = True
else:
self.reply_received[i] = False
def handle_msg(self, msg):
ts, j = msg[1], msg[2]
if msg[0] == 'request':
self.queue.put((-ts, ts, j)) # Use negative timestamp to make heapq a min heap
msg2 = ('reply', self.ts, self.id)
self.send_msg(msg2, j)
elif msg[0] == 'reply':
self.reply_received[j] = True
for i in range(num_nodes):
if not self.reply_received[i]:
return False
self.mutex = True
return True
def send_msg(self, msg, j):
nodes[j].handle_msg(msg)
def run_node(id):
global num_nodes
while True:
if not nodes[id].mutex:
nodes[id].request_cs()
print('Node %d enters critical section.' % id)
else:
nodes[id].release_cs()
print('Node %d exits critical section.' % id)
if __name__ == '__main__':
n = 5 # number of nodes
num_nodes = n
nodes = [Node(i) for i in range(n)]
threads = [Thread(target=run_node, args=(i,)) for i in range(n)]
for t in threads:
t.start()
代码中,节点类实现了 Suzuki-Kasami 算法中的请求和批准流程,每个节点运行在一个独立的线程中,可以并发执行。节点类中的 send_msg
方法表示向其他节点发送消息,handle_msg
方法表示处理接收到的消息,request_cs
和 release_cs
分别表示请求进入临界区和释放临界区。