生成树协议 (STP) 和快速生成树协议 (RSTP) 之间的区别

1.生成树协议（STP） ：
STP 也称为生成树协议，是第 2 层（数据链路层）协议，它运行在交换机和网桥上。 STP 的 IEEE 标准是 802.1D。 STP 是一种用于在使用冗余交换机时防止循环的功能。例如，我们有三台交换机，它们都链接在一起，如果没有 STP，可能会形成环路，从而导致网络阻塞、广播风暴等问题，最终甚至会导致交换机故障。

2.快速生成树协议（RSTP） ：
快速生成树协议（RDTP）是生成树协议的增强版本。 RSTP 的 IEEE 标准是 802.1w。 STP和RSTP有很多相似之处，RSTP向后兼容STP。它通过阻止不必要的端口来避免网络循环。

STP 和 RSTP 的区别：

S.NO	STP	RSTP
1.	Its IEEE standard is 802.1D.	Its IEEE standard is 802.1W.
2.	In STP only the root bridge sends BPDU (Bridge protocol data unit) and it is transferred by others.	In RSTP all bridges can forward BPDUs.
3.	STP has three port roles (i.e., Root Port, Designated Port, Blocked Port).	RSTP has four-port roles (i.e., Root Port, Designated Port, Alternate Port, Backup Port).
4.	STP has five port states (i.e., Forwarding, Learning, Listening, Blocking, Disabled).	RSTP has three port states (i.e., Forwarding, Learning, Discarding).
5.	It doesn’t have any link type.	It has Two link types i.e., Shared link and Point to point link.
6.	STP provides slower network convergence in response.	RSTP provides significantly faster network convergence.
7.	Flag bits used in STP are Bit 0 for TCN (Topology Change Notification) and Bit 7 for TCA (Topology Change Acknowledgement).	Flag bits used in RSTP are Bit 0 for TCN, Bit 1 for Proposal, Bit 2 and 3 for Port role, Bit 4 for Learning, Bit 5 for forwarding, Bit 6 for Agreement, and Bit 7 for TCN.