📜  在C++ STL中设置upper_bound()函数

📅  最后修改于: 2021-05-30 05:01:00             🧑  作者: Mango

set :: upper_bound()是C++ STL中的内置函数,它返回一个迭代器,该迭代器指向刚好大于k的下一个直接元素。如果在参数中传递的键超过了容器中的最大键,则迭代器返回的点将指向set容器中最后一个元素的下一个(可以使用set end()函数进行标识)。

句法:

set_name.upper_bound(key)

参数:此函数接受单个强制性参数,该指定要返回其上限的元素。

返回值:该函数返回一个迭代器,该迭代器指向刚好大于k的紧邻的下一个元素。如果在参数中传递的键超过了容器中的最大键,则迭代器将指向std :: end(),它指向集合中最后一个元素旁边的元素。

示例1:下面的程序说明了上述函数:

// CPP program to demonstrate the
// set::upper_bound() function
#include 
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    set s;
  
    // Function to insert elements
    // in the set container
    s.insert(1);
    s.insert(4);
    s.insert(2);
    s.insert(5);
    s.insert(6);
  
    cout << "The set elements are: ";
    for (auto it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); it++)
        cout << *it << " ";
  
    // when 2 is present
    // points to next element after 2
    auto it = s.upper_bound(2);
    cout << "\nThe upper bound of key 2 is ";
    cout << (*it) << endl;
  
    // when 3 is not present
    // points to next greater after 3
    it = s.upper_bound(3);
    cout << "The upper bound of key 3 is ";
    cout << (*it) << endl;
  
    return 0;
}
输出:
The set elements are: 1 2 4 5 6 
The upper bound of key 2 is 4
The upper bound of key 3 is 4

示例2:下面是更好的代码,该代码还检查给定元素是否大于或等于最大元素。

// CPP program to demonstrate the
// set::upper_bound() function
#include 
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    set s;
  
    // Function to insert elements
    // in the set container
    s.insert(1);
    s.insert(4);
    s.insert(2);
    s.insert(5);
    s.insert(6);
  
    int key = 8;
    auto it = s.upper_bound(key);
    if (it == s.end())
        cout << "The given key is greater "
                "than or equal to the largest element \n";
    else
        cout << "The immediate greater element "
             << "is " << *it << endl;
  
    key = 3;
    it = s.upper_bound(key);
    if (it == s.end())
        cout << "The given key is greater "
                "than or equal to the largest element \n";
    else
        cout << "The immediate greater element "
             << "is " << *it << endl;
  
    return 0;
}
输出:
The given key is greater than or equal to the largest element 
The immediate greater element is 4
要从最佳影片策划和实践问题去学习,检查了C++基础课程为基础,以先进的C++和C++ STL课程基础加上STL。要完成从学习语言到DS Algo等的更多准备工作,请参阅“完整面试准备课程”