计算机组织中的数据处理说明

数据处理说明：
数据操作指令对数据执行操作，并为计算机提供计算能力。典型计算机中的数据操作指令通常分为以下三种基本类型。

1. 算术指令
2. 逻辑和位操作指令
3. 班次说明

让我们一一讨论。

1. 算术指令：
   四个基本算术运算是加法，减法，乘法和除法。大多数计算机都提供所有这四个操作的说明。

   典型的算术指令–

   Name	Mnemonic	Example	Explanation
   Increment	INC	INC B	It will increment the register B by 1    B<-B+1
   Decrement	DEC	DEC B	It will decrement the register B by 1   B<-B-1
   Add	ADD	ADD B	It will add contents of register B to the contents of the  accumulator  and store the result in the accumulator   AC<-AC+B
   Subtract	SUB	SUB B	It will subtract the contents of register B from the contents of the  accumulator  and store the result in the accumulator AC<-AC-B
   Multiply	MUL	MUL B	It will multiply the contents of register B with the contents of the  accumulator and store the result in the accumulator AC<-AC*B
   Divide	DIV	DIV B	It will divide the contents of register B with the contents of the  accumulator and store the quotient in the accumulator AC<-AC/B
   Add with carry	ADDC	ADDC B	It will add the contents of register B and the carry flag with the contents of the accumulator and store the result in the  accumulator AC<-AC+B+Carry flag
   Subtract with borrow	SUBB	SUBB B	It will subtract the contents of register B and the carry flag from  the contents of the accumulator and store the result in the  accumulator AC<-AC-B-Carry flag
   Negate(2’s complement)	NEG	NEG  B	It will negate a value by finding 2’s complement of its single operand. This means simply operand by -1. B<-B’+1

2. 逻辑和位操作说明：
   逻辑指令对存储在寄存器中的位字符串执行二进制运算。它们对于处理单个位或一组位很有用。

   典型的逻辑和位操作指令–

   Name	Mnemonic	Example	Explanation
   Clear	CLR	CLR	It will set the accumulator to 0  AC<-0
   Complement	COM	COM A	It will complement the accumulator AC<-(AC)’
   AND	AND	AND B	It will AND the contents of register B with the contents of accumulator and store  it in the accumulator AC<-AC AND B
   OR	OR	OR B	It will OR the contents of register B with the contents of accumulator and store it in the accumulator AC<-AC OR B
   Exclusive-OR	XOR	XOR B	It will XOR the contents of register B with the contents of the accumulator and  store it in the accumulator AC<-AC XOR B
   Clear carry	CLRC	CLRC	It will set the carry flag to 0 Carry flag<-0
   Set carry	SETC	SETC	It will set the carry flag to 1 Carry flag<-1
   Complement carry	COMC	COMC	It will complement the carry flag Carry flag<- (Carry flag)’
   Enable interrupt	EI	EI	It will enable the interrupt
   Disable interrupt	DI	DI	It will disable the interrupt

3. 班次说明：
   移位是将单词的位向左或向右移动的操作。移位指令可以指定逻辑移位，算术移位或旋转类型的操作。

   典型的换档说明–

   Name	Mnemonic
   Logical shift right	SHR
   Logical shift left	SHL
   Arithmetic shift right	SHRA
   Arithmetic shift left	SHLA
   Rotate right	ROR
   Rotate left	ROL
   Rotate right through carry	RORC
   Rotate left through carry	ROLC

   有关换档指令，请参考此参考的换档指令