1.行动研究：
行动研究是定性研究的一种。顾名思义，它是面向行动的，目的是解决眼前的问题。行动研究可帮助研究人员改进其当前的实践，并用于研究问题。它旨在通过行动来学习，从而导致个人或职业发展的手段侧重于改进和/或完善行动。这种类型的研究通常用于教育领域，通过改进当前的实践来弥合教育理论与专业实践之间的鸿沟。这有助于观察问题并找出原因，然后解决问题，因此主要地，它更侧重于立即解决实际问题并产生知识以产生变化。
2.案例研究：
案例研究是指对特定事件或个人或一组个人的深入检查。它是一种定性研究方法，它通过收集和报告与事件或情况相关的数据来深入观察和分析事件或情况，从而了解复杂的问题。案例研究更多地是针对描述，而不是直接的因果发现。根据研究方法，案例研究分为探索性，解释性和描述性三种方式。这些研究涉及定量和定性数据。这类研究可用于解决基于社区的问题，例如文盲，失业，贫困和吸毒成瘾。
案例研究与行动研究之间的区别：
| S.No. | ACTION RESEARCH | CASE STUDY |
|---|---|---|
| 01. | Action research is a type of research study which is more action oriented in order to solve an immediate problem. | Case study is an in-depth examination of a particular event or individual or a group of individuals. |
| 02. | Action research involves solving a problem. | Case study involves observing a problem. |
| 03. | It is mainly used in educational field. | It is used in many fields. |
| 04. | It always provides a solution to a problem. | It does not provide solution to a problem. |
| 05. | Identify a problem to research. | Identifying and defining the research questions. |
| 06. | In action research the researchers can also act as participants of the research. | In case study research researchers do not take part in the research study. |
| 07. | It identifies the cause and then address the issue. | It explores and understand complex issues. |
| 08. | Action research analyze data and plan actions. | Case study research analyze data. |
| 09. | Action Research defines context and purpose. | Case study defines the theoretical conceptual structure. |