查找与数组中位数绝对差最大的 K 个元素

给定一个数组arr[]和一个整数K ，任务是找到数组中与数组中位数绝对差最大的 K 个元素。
注意：如果两个元素具有相等的差异，则考虑最大元素。

例子：

Input : arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, k = 3 
Output : {5, 1, 4} 
Explanation : 
Median m = 3, 
Difference of each array elements from median, 
1 ==> diff(1-3) = 2 
2 ==> diff(2-3) = 1 
3 ==> diff(3-3) = 0 
4 ==> diff(4-3) = 1 
5 ==> diff(5-3) = 2 
First K elements are 5, 1, 4 in this array.

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 3}, K = 2 
Output: {3, 1} 

方法：

• 对数组进行排序并找到数组的中位数
• 创建一个差分数组来存储每个元素与排序数组中位数的差异。
• 差异最大的元素将是数组的角元素。因此，将两个指针初始化为数组的角元素，即 0 和 N – 1。
• 最后将数组中与中位数相差最大的元素一一包含。

下面是上述方法的实现：

C++

// C++ implementation to find first K
// elements whose difference with the
// median of array is maximum
 
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function for calculating median
double findMedian(int a[], int n)
{
    // check for even case
    if (n % 2 != 0)
       return (double)a[n/2];
       
    return (double)(a[(n-1)/2] + a[n/2])/2.0;
}
 
// Function to find the K maximum absolute
// difference with the median of the array
void kStrongest(int arr[], int n, int k)
{
    // Sort the array.
    sort(arr, arr + n);
 
    // Store median
    double median = findMedian(arr, n);
    int diff[n];
 
    // Find and store difference
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        diff[i] = abs(median - arr[i]);
    }
 
    int i = 0, j = n - 1;
    while (k > 0) {
         
        // If diff[i] is greater print it
        // Else print diff[j]
        if (diff[i] > diff[j]) {
            cout << arr[i] << " ";
            i++;
        }
        else {
            cout << arr[j] << " ";
            j--;
        }
        k--;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    int k = 3;
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    kStrongest(arr, n, k);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java implementation to find first K
// elements whose difference with the
// median of array is maximum
import java.util.*;
class GFG{
  
// Function for calculating median
static double findMedian(int a[], int n)
{
    // check for even case
    if (n % 2 != 0)
       return (double)a[n / 2];
        
    return (double)(a[(n - 1) / 2] +
                    a[n / 2]) / 2.0;
}
  
// Function to find the K maximum absolute
// difference with the median of the array
static void kStrongest(int arr[], int n, int k)
{
    // Sort the array.
    Arrays.sort(arr);
  
    // Store median
    double median = findMedian(arr, n);
    int []diff = new int[n];
  
    // Find and store difference
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        diff[i] = (int)Math.abs(median - arr[i]);
    }
  
    int i = 0, j = n - 1;
    while (k > 0)
    {
          
        // If diff[i] is greater print it
        // Else print diff[j]
        if (diff[i] > diff[j])
        {
            System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
            i++;
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.print(arr[j] + " ");
            j--;
        }
        k--;
    }
}
  
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    int k = 3;
    int n = arr.length;
  
    kStrongest(arr, n, k);
}
}
// This code is contributed by sapnasingh4991

Python3

# Python3 program to find first K
# elements whose difference with the
# median of array is maximum
 
# Function for calculating median
def findMedian(a, n):
     
    # Check for even case
    if (n % 2 != 0):
        return a[int(n / 2)]
         
    return (a[int((n - 1) / 2)] +
            a[int(n / 2)]) / 2.0
 
# Function to find the K maximum
# absolute difference with the
# median of the array
def kStrongest(arr, n, k):
     
    # Sort the array
    arr.sort()
     
    # Store median
    median = findMedian(arr, n)
    diff = [0] * (n)
     
    # Find and store difference
    for i in range(n):
        diff[i] = abs(median - arr[i])
         
    i = 0
    j = n - 1
     
    while (k > 0):
         
        # If diff[i] is greater print
        # it. Else print diff[j]
        if (diff[i] > diff[j]):
            print(arr[i], end = " ")
            i += 1
        else:
            print(arr[j], end = " ")
            j -= 1
         
        k -= 1
     
# Driver code
arr = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
k = 3
n = len(arr)
 
kStrongest(arr, n, k)
 
# This code is contributed by sanjoy_62

C#

// C# implementation to find first K
// elements whose difference with the
// median of array is maximum
using System;
 
class GFG{
 
// Function for calculating median
static double findMedian(int []a, int n)
{
    // Check for even case
    if (n % 2 != 0)
        return (double)a[n / 2];
         
    return (double)(a[(n - 1) / 2] +
                    a[n / 2]) / 2.0;
}
 
// Function to find the K maximum absolute
// difference with the median of the array
static void kStrongest(int []arr, int n,
                                  int k)
{
     
    // Sort the array.
    Array.Sort(arr);
     
    int i = 0;
     
    // Store median
    double median = findMedian(arr, n);
    int []diff = new int[n];
 
    // Find and store difference
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
       diff[i] = (int)Math.Abs(median - arr[i]);
    }
 
    int j = n - 1;
    i = 0;
    while (k > 0)
    {
         
        // If diff[i] is greater print it
        // Else print diff[j]
        if (diff[i] > diff[j])
        {
            Console.Write(arr[i] + " ");
            i++;
        }
        else
        {
            Console.Write(arr[j] + " ");
            j--;
        }
        k--;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int []arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    int k = 3;
    int n = arr.Length;
 
    kStrongest(arr, n, k);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rohit_ranjan

Javascript

 
// JavaScript implementation to find first K
// elements whose difference with the
// median of array is maximum
 
// Function for calculating median
function findMedian(a, n)
{
     
    // Check for even case
    if (n % 2 != 0)
       return a[Math.floor(n / 2)];
        
    return (a[Math.floor((n - 1) / 2)] +
            a[Math.floor(n / 2)]) / 2.0;
}
  
// Function to find the K maximum absolute
// difference with the median of the array
function kStrongest(arr, n, k)
{
     
    // Sort the array.
    arr.sort();
  
    // Store median
    let median = findMedian(arr, n);
    let diff = Array.from({length: n}, (_, i) => 0);
  
    // Find and store difference
    for(let i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        diff[i] = Math.abs(median - arr[i]);
    }
  
    let i = 0, j = n - 1;
    while (k > 0)
    {
          
        // If diff[i] is greater prlet it
        // Else prlet diff[j]
        if (diff[i] > diff[j])
        {
            document.write(arr[i] + " ");
            i++;
        }
        else
        {
           document.write(arr[j] + " ");
            j--;
        }
        k--;
    }
}
   
// Driver Code
let arr = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
let k = 3;
let n = arr.length;
 
kStrongest(arr, n, k);
 
// This code is contributed by susmitakundugoaldanga   
 

输出：

5 1 4

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