1. 广播：
广播传输(一对多)技术可以分为两种类型：有限广播、直接广播。在广播模式下，传输发生在从一台主机到 LAN 上连接的所有其他主机。桥接等设备使用此。像ARP这样的协议实现了这一点，以便知道主机对应IP地址的MAC地址。 ARP 执行 ip 地址到 mac 地址的转换。 RARP 则相反。
2. 多播：
多播有一个/多个发送者和一个/多个接收者参与数据传输流量。在多播中，流量在单播和广播的边界之间倾斜。它服务于数据流的直接单一副本，然后模拟并路由到请求它的主机。 IP 多播需要支持其他一些协议，例如 IGMP(Internet 组管理协议)、多播路由才能工作。并且在有类 IP 寻址中，D 类是为多播组保留的。
广播和多播的区别：
| S.No. | Broadcast | Multicast |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | It has one sender and multiple receivers. | It has one or more senders and multiple receivers. |
| 2. | It sent data from one device to all the other devices in a network. | It sent data from one device to multiple devices. |
| 3. | It works on star and bus topology. | It works on star, mesh, tree and hybrid topology. |
| 4. | It scale well across large networks. | It does not scale well across large networks. |
| 5. | Its bandwidth is wasted. | It utilizes bandwidth efficiently. |
| 6. | It has one-to-all mapping. | It has one-to-many mapping. |
| 7. | Hub is an example of a broadcast device. | Switch is an example of a multicast device. |