1. 带宽：
带宽定义为在特定时间段内传输的数据的潜力。它是网络或传输介质的数据承载能力。简而言之，它是链路上每秒可以传输的最大数据量。它通常以每秒位数 (bps)、每秒兆位 (Mbps) 或每秒千兆位 (Gbps) 来衡量。
例如，如果带宽为 100 Mbps，则表示该通道每秒最多可传输 100 Mb 数据。
2. 数据速率：
数据速率定义为在指定时间段内通过网络传输的数据量。它是数据从一个设备传输到另一个设备或在外围设备和计算机之间传输的速度。它通常以每秒兆位 (Mbps) 或每秒兆字节 (MBps) 来衡量。
例如，如果带宽为 100 Mbps，但数据速率为 50 Mbps，则表示最多可以传输 100 Mb 数据，但通道每秒仅传输 50 Mb 数据。
带宽和数据速率的区别：
| Bandwidth | Data Rate |
|---|---|
| It is the potential of the data that is to be transferred in a specific period of time. | It is the amount of data transmitted during a specified time period over a network. |
| It is the number of bits per second that a link can send or receive. | It is the speed of data transmission. |
| Normally it is measured in bps, Mbps or Gbps. | It is normally measured in Mbps or MBps. |
| It refers to to maximum data transmission speed. | It refers to the actual data transmission speed. |
| It is physical layer property in OSI model. | While it is common in all layers. |
| It shows the capacity of the channel. | It shows the present speed of data transmission. |
| It does not depend on properties of sender or receiver. | While it gets affected by sender or receiver. |