RDMS（Relational Database Management System）： RDBMS 是一种信息管理系统，它基于一种数据模型。在 RDBMS 中，表用于信息存储。表的每一行代表一条记录，列代表数据的一个属性。 RDBMS 中的数据组织及其操作过程与其他数据库不同。 RDBMS 确保设计数据库所需的 ACID（原子性、一致性、完整性、持久性）属性。 RDBMS 的目的是尽可能快速可靠地存储、管理和检索数据。
Hadoop：它是一种开源软件框架，用于在一组商品硬件上存储数据和运行应用程序。它具有大存储容量和高处理能力。它可以同时管理多个并发进程。它用于预测分析、数据挖掘和机器学习。它可以处理结构化和非结构化形式的数据。与传统的 RDBMS 相比，它在存储、处理和管理数据方面更加灵活。与传统系统不同，Hadoop 支持同时对同一数据进行多个分析过程。它非常灵活地支持可扩展性。
下表列出了数据科学和数据可视化之间的差异：
| S.No. | RDBMS | Hadoop |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Traditional row-column based databases, basically used for data storage, manipulation and retrieval. | An open-source software used for storing data and running applications or processes concurrently. |
| 2. | In this structured data is mostly processed. | In this both structured and unstructured data is processed. |
| 3. | It is best suited for OLTP environment. | It is best suited for BIG data. |
| 4. | It is less scalable than Hadoop. | It is highly scalable. |
| 5. | Data normalization is required in RDBMS. | Data normalization is not required in Hadoop. |
| 6. | It stores transformed and aggregated data. | It stores huge volume of data. |
| 7. | It has no latency in response. | It has some latency in response. |
| 8. | The data schema of RDBMS is static type. | The data schema of Hadoop is dynamic type. |
| 9. | High data integrity available. | Low data integrity available than RDBMS. |
| 10. | Cost is applicable for licensed software. | Free of cost, as it is an open source software. |