非常规能源
工作能力被定义为能量。人们学会了如何将能量从一种形式转换为另一种形式,然后利用它进行劳动,这使得现代文明得以出现。
能源资源
一种能源用于产生热量和光,以及烹饪食物和驱动车辆。能源资源是用于电力行业的自然资源。
有两种类型的能源资源是:
1) 传统能源 2) 非传统能源。
常规来源
常规能源是在人类历史的大部分时间里广泛使用的能源。它们本质上是不可再生的。化石燃料是最常见的传统能源类型。石油、煤、天然气及其衍生物如煤油、丙烷和其他石油基燃料都是化石燃料的例子。
- Coal: Coal is an ignitable sedimentary rock generated by the decomposition of dead plants. Coal is mostly made up of carbon, with traces of hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen thrown in for good measure.
- Petroleum: Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a naturally occurring fuel that is processed into several forms of petroleum-based fuels following extraction. To separate the distinct components of petroleum, fractional distillation is performed. Petroleum is used to make gasoline, propane, kerosene, tar, and other products.
- Natural Gas: It is a hydrocarbon gas made up primarily of methane with minor amounts of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and helium.
非常规来源
术语“非常规能源”是指由自然过程持续提供的能源。此外,这些能源成本较低,不会污染环境或自然环境。非常规能源包括风能、潮汐能、太阳能、地热能和生物质能。
随着能源需求的增加,人们越来越依赖煤炭、石油和天然气等化石燃料。随着油气价格与日俱增的持续上涨,未来能源供应的保障势在必行。因此,我们必须利用越来越多的可再生能源。印度政府设立了一个独特的部门,称为“非常规能源部”,以确保有效利用非常规能源。
一些重要的非常规能源
核能或原子能
原子核所包含的能量称为核能。构成宇宙中所有物质的微小粒子被称为原子。
核过程,例如裂变和聚变,会释放核能。与燃煤电厂等能源相比,核能是最生态友好的传统能源之一,因为它在发电过程中产生的温室气体排放量更少。然而,一旦发生事故,核能会向环境中释放大量辐射。
此外,残留的放射性和有毒核废料令人担忧。它是通过改变原子的结构、释放热量和能量来产生的,然后用来发电。
Uranium and thorium, which are used to generate nuclear or atomic energy, are found in the Aravalli mountains of Rajasthan and Jharkhand, as well as monaztize sands of Kerala.
太阳能
太阳能被太阳能植物捕获,这些植物将太阳能直接转化为电能。这种太阳能转换是通过光合作用过程进行的。
它是最重要的非常规能源,因为它产生无污染、对环境有利的输出并且资源丰富。就气候而言,印度是一个热带国家。它在利用太阳能方面具有很大的潜力。它用于多种用途,包括发电(通过光伏板)和提供热量。它在农村和偏远地区迅速成为一种燃料,减少了人们对柴火和药饼的依赖。
金属和半导体,或两种半导体,用于制造太阳能电池。当光接触金属和半导体或两个半导体的结时,就会产生电压。单个光伏电池可以产生大约两瓦的电力。
Example- Bhadla Solar Park is country’s biggest solar power plant is found in the state of Rajasthan. Other examples- Pavagada Solar Park in Karnataka, Kurnool Ultra Power Solar Park in Andhra Pradesh.
风能
利用风力发电的技术被称为风能。随着风速的增加,发电量也会增加,直到涡轮机达到最大容量。风力发电场需要风力强劲、持续不断的位置。其中大部分位于高海拔地区。风力涡轮机通过逆风旋转叶片来发电。
商用风力涡轮机通过捕获旋转能量为发电机供电来发电。风能是一种能量转换,其中涡轮机将风动能转换为可以使用的机械能或电能。它们由叶片或转子和机舱组成,机舱保持传动系统并位于高塔顶部。它是一种清洁的可再生能源,可减少温室气体排放,同时保护环境。
Kanyakumari is home to one of India’s largest wind farms, producing 380MW of energy. Wind power has enormous potential in India. The greatest wind form cluster is in Tamil Nadu, stretching from Nagar coil to Madurai.
Apart from these, major wind farms can be found in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Lakshadweep.
沼气
沼气是一种天然存在的气体,由厌氧菌从有机废物的分解中产生并用于能源生产。沼气由甲烷、二氧化碳和微量硫化氢以及水分组成。
沼气与天然气的不同之处在于它是一种通过厌氧消化以生物方式产生的可再生能源,而不是由地质过程产生的化石燃料。
食物残渣、脂肪、污泥、牛粪和其他有机物质等有机物与水结合并通过输入输送到消化器。有机物在称为消化器的密闭室中完全厌氧分解。有机物在几天内完全分解,释放出甲烷、二氧化碳、氢气和硫化氢等气体。然后这些气体通过管道从消化器上方的储罐中抽出,并通过分散的路线转移到周围的中心以供利用。
Deebandhu Biogas Plant developed in Delhi, Gayatri Model in Bhubaneshwar, Krishna Biogas Plant in Andhra Pradesh are few examples.
潮汐能
太阳和月亮的万有引力,加上地球的自转,导致海平面周期性地上升和下降。它经常在一个阴历日在一个地方发生两次。 “涨潮”是指海平面上升时,“低潮”是指海平面下降时。
潮汐能是一种由地球、太阳和月球的引力相互作用引起的潮汐自然涨落产生的能量。通过在适当的地方使用适当设计的发电机,潮汐能可以转化为可用的电力,包括电力。
与其他可再生能源一样,潮汐能受到成本相对较高和开发地点有限的阻碍。然而,由于最近的技术突破表明经济和环境成本可能会降低,潮汐能发电似乎前景光明。降低到竞争水平。
The Gulf of Khambhat, the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat’s western coast, and the Gangetic delta in West Bengal’s sunderban districts provide ideal conditions for tidal energy utilization in India.
地热能
地热能是一种来源于地球核心的可再生能源。它是由行星形成过程中产生的热量和元素的放射性衰变引起的。地核和地表之间的温差促进了热能从地核到行星表面的持续传输。
为了利用地热能发电,将水井打入一英里深的地下水库以获取蒸汽和热水,然后将其用于驱动连接到发电机的涡轮机。
地热发电设施分为干蒸汽、闪蒸和二元三种。最早的一种地热技术,干蒸汽,从地球中提取蒸汽并利用它直接旋转涡轮机。闪蒸装置将高压热水转化为冷却的低压水,而二元装置通过将热水通过具有较低沸点的二次液体将其转化为蒸汽。
Important geothermal sites in India include- Tattapani in Chhattishgarh,Puga in Jammu and kashmir, Cambay Graben in Gujarat.
示例问题
问题1:水电和火电的区别?
回答 :
Hydro Electricity Thermal Electricity It is produced by fast-flowing water collapsing on turbines. It is made from petroleum. Its supply is limitless or perpetual, i.e. water. Its sources are finite or non-renewable, like as coal and petroleum. It does not pollute the environment. The combustion of coal and oil produces a great deal of pollutants. In the long term, it is less expensive. In the long term, it is costly. These plants should be located near fast-flowing water sources. Thermal power plants for generating energy can be built anywhere.
问题 2:解释石油作为能源的重要性?
回答 :
The significance of petroleum may be seen below:
- Petroleum, often known as mineral oil, is India’s second-largest source of energy after coal.
- It offers fuel for lighting and heating, lubricants for machines, and raw materials to a variety of manufacturing enterprises.
- It is a fuel that is utilized in all autos.
问题3:沼气如何帮助解决农村能源问题?
回答 :
Biogas can be helpful in solving problem of energy in rural areas because of the following reason :
- It generates gas with greater thermal efficiency than charcoal or kerosene.
- It allows for the best possible use of animal and plant waste.
- It generates enhanced organic manure that may be used to augment or even replace artificial fertilizers.
- It burns smoothly, leaves little residue, and is simple to create and store.
问题 4:印度农村家庭的主要能源是什么?这些来源造成的最大问题是什么?
回答 :
In rural India, the main sources of energy are firewood and cow dung cake.
Major issues:
- The use of cow dung is discouraged because it consumes the most precious manure that could otherwise be utilised in agriculture.
- Due to the shrinking forest area, it is becoming more difficult to utilize firewood as a fuel.
问题 5:您为什么认为太阳能在印度会有广阔的前景?
回答 :
- Solar energy is an infinite source of energy derived from sunshine. Because India is a tropical country, there is plenty of room for solar energy growth.
- Because many regions of the nation receive at least 300 days of sunlight each year, it is conceivable to create 20 MW of solar energy per square kilometer in such places.
- It is simple to set up solar power plants in both urban and rural settings.