用于旋转矩阵元素的Python程序

给定一个矩阵，顺时针旋转其中的元素。

例子：

Input
1    2    3
4    5    6
7    8    9

Output:
4    1    2
7    5    3
8    9    6

For 4*4 matrix
Input:
1    2    3    4    
5    6    7    8
9    10   11   12
13   14   15   16

Output:
5    1    2    3
9    10   6    4
13   11   7    8
14   15   16   12

这个想法是使用类似于以螺旋形式打印矩阵的程序的循环。从最外层开始，一个接一个地旋转所有元素环。要旋转环，我们需要执行以下操作。
1）移动顶行的元素。
2) 移动最后一列的元素。
3）移动底行的元素。
4) 移动第一列的元素。
当有内圈时，对内圈重复上述步骤。

下面是上述想法的实现。感谢 Gaurav Ahirwar 提出以下解决方案。

Python

# Python program to rotate a matrix
  
# Function to rotate a matrix
def rotateMatrix(mat):
  
    if not len(mat):
        return
      
    """
        top : starting row index
        bottom : ending row index
        left : starting column index
        right : ending column index
    """
  
    top = 0
    bottom = len(mat)-1
  
    left = 0
    right = len(mat[0])-1
  
    while left < right and top < bottom:
  
        # Store the first element of next row,
        # this element will replace first element of
        # current row
        prev = mat[top+1][left]
  
        # Move elements of top row one step right
        for i in range(left, right+1):
            curr = mat[top][i]
            mat[top][i] = prev
            prev = curr
  
        top += 1
  
        # Move elements of rightmost column one step downwards
        for i in range(top, bottom+1):
            curr = mat[i][right]
            mat[i][right] = prev
            prev = curr
  
        right -= 1
  
        # Move elements of bottom row one step left
        for i in range(right, left-1, -1):
            curr = mat[bottom][i]
            mat[bottom][i] = prev
            prev = curr
  
        bottom -= 1
  
        # Move elements of leftmost column one step upwards
        for i in range(bottom, top-1, -1):
            curr = mat[i][left]
            mat[i][left] = prev
            prev = curr
  
        left += 1
  
    return mat
  
# Utility Function
def printMatrix(mat):
    for row in mat:
        print row
  
  
# Test case 1
matrix =[ 
            [1,  2,  3,  4 ],
            [5,  6,  7,  8 ],
            [9,  10, 11, 12 ],
            [13, 14, 15, 16 ]  
        ]
# Test case 2
"""
matrix =[
            [1, 2, 3],
            [4, 5, 6],
            [7, 8, 9]
        ]
"""
  
matrix = rotateMatrix(matrix)
# Print modified matrix
printMatrix(matrix)

输出：

5 1 2 3
9 10 6 4
13 11 7 8
14 15 16 12

有关更多详细信息，请参阅有关旋转矩阵元素的完整文章！