电能商业单位
身体进行劳动的能力和需求被称为能量。能量可以在不同的地方以多种形式找到。我们注意到,在食品包装和即食食品上,总是注明所提供的能量;由于能源被定义为从事劳动的能力,它必须以单位量化。
能量以不同的形式存在,例如热能、动能、核能、势能、化学能、电能等。
它的SI单位是焦耳,用J来表示。当一个1N的力作用在一个位移为1m的物体上时,1焦耳被定义为所做的功。当需要表达大量能量时,需要商业单位的能量,这用于工业和工厂。
商业能源单位
在这里,我们必须定义电能的商业单位并说明:
- 它与家用电能单位有何不同。
- 一千瓦时等于一焦耳。
- 在工厂或其他商业部门等商业环境中,电气设备如何在一小时内利用一千瓦的能量。
Kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a commercial unit of energy. A kilowatt-hour is an amount of energy consumed by a machine working at a steady rate of one kilowatt for one hour. As a result, Joule is a SI unit of energy, but Kilowatt-hour is a Commercial unit.
电能
由带电粒子的电势或动能产生的能量称为电能。一般来说,它是从电势能转化而来的能量。电子从一个位置传递到另一个位置所产生的能量称为电能。电流或电流是带电粒子沿/通过介质(例如电线)的流动。
商业单位和 SI 能源单位之间的关系
千瓦时给出了能量和功率之间的直接关系。电能以能量的形式定义为单位时间内消耗的电能的量,即电能除以时间等于电能。 SI 的功率单位是瓦特,用 W 表示。
以能量表示的功率公式如下:
P = E ⁄ t
Here,
- P is the power generated
- E is the energy consumed
- t is the time
Rearrange the formula in terms of energy.
E = P t
Representing the Kilowatt-hour in terms of above formula.
Consider the power equal to 1 kW and time equal to 1 h.
E = P t
1 kW h = 1kW × 1 h
1 kW h = 1000 W × 1 h
1 kW h = 1000 (J / s) × 3600 s
1 kW h = 3.6 × 106 J.
因此,千瓦时(kW h)是一个能量单位,等于 1 千瓦功率扩大 1 小时。它不是指您每小时消耗的千瓦数。它只是一个计量单位,表示将 1000 瓦的电器打开一小时后所用的电量。如果您切换一个 100 瓦的灯泡,则需要 10 个小时才能积累 1 千瓦时的能量。
虽然千瓦时不是公认的系统单位,但它广泛用于电气应用。电能的单位是千瓦时(kWh),商用和家用都是一样的。商业公寓有不同的收费标准,高于住宅单位收费。它主要用于减少工厂和其他使用大量电力的行业的用电量。
Note: The kilowatt-hour is the commercial unit of electric energy here, and 1 kW h = 3.6 × 106 J. So, be cautious while converting kilowatt-hours to joules.
示例问题
问题1:计算1单位能量所包含的焦耳数。
解决方案:
1 unit of energy is equal to 1 kW h.
1 kW h = 1000 W × 1 h
=1000 (J / s) × (60 × 60) s
= 3600000 J
= 3.6 × 106 J.
Hence, the number of Joules in 1 unit of energy is equal to 3.6 × 106 J.
问题2:为什么用千瓦时作为能源的商业单位?
解决方案:
In practice, the unit kWh is used for the measurement of electrical energy, rather than joule. This is because Joule is a very small unit and the energy consumption in day to day life is very large, i.e., it comes in figures of 106 to 108. Thus, to reduce the complexity of handling such large figures, a bigger unit was required. This bigger unit used for the measurement of electrical energy is kWh and is related to Joule as: 1kWh = 3.6 ×106 J. Hence, the energy reading commercially became simpler by using this bigger unit instead of joule
问题 3:命名用于向消费者销售电能的单位。电动机从 110 V 线路中消耗 10 A。确定电机的功率和 3 小时内消耗的能量。以卢比计算 6 月份的电能成本。 9个/单位。
解决方案:
Kilowatt-hour (kWh) unit is used in selling electric energy to consumers.
Given:
Current drawn to motor, I = 10 A
Voltage across the motor, V = 110 V
Time for energy is consumed, t = 3 h
Power generated by motor, P = V I
= 110 V × 10 A
= 1100 W
Energy consumed by motor, E = P × t
= 1100 W × 3 h
= 3.3 kW h
Now,
Energy consumed, E = 3.3 kW h
Cost of energy per unit, c = Rs. 9 ⁄ unit
Number of days, n = 30
Total Cost, C = E c n
= Rs. (3.3 × 9 × 30)
= Rs. 891.00
Hence, selling unit of energy is Kilowatt-hour, power generated by motor is 1100 W, energy consumed by motor is 3.3 kW h, and cost of energy is Rs. 891.
问题 4:将 72000 J 的能量转换为千瓦时。
解决方案:
Since, 3.6 × 106 J = 1 kW h
So, 1 J = (1 ⁄ 3.6) × 10-6 kW h
Therefore, 72000 J = (72000 ⁄ 3.6) × 10-6 kW h
= 2 × 10-3 kW h
Hence, 72000 J of energy is equal to 2 × 10-3 kW h.
问题 5:区分瓦特和瓦特小时。
解决方案:
Watt is the unit of power while watt hour is the unit of work/energy, since energy = power × time.
问题 6:一个电器消耗 7.2 MJ 的能量来产生等于 2 kW 的功率。找出消耗给定能量的时间(以分钟为单位)。
解决方案:
Since, 3.6 × 106 J = 1 kW h
So, 1 J = (1 ⁄ 3.6) × 10-6 kW h
Therefore, 7.2 × 106 J = (7.2 ⁄ 3.6) × 106 × 10-6 kW h
= 2 kW h
Now,
Energy consumed, E = 2 kW h
Power generated, P = 2 kW
Time for which appliance runs, t = E ⁄ P
= 2 kW h ⁄ 2 kW
= 1 h
= 60 min
Hence, the time for which appliance runs is 60 minutes.
问题7:一台1.5马力的电动机连续运转3小时。找出以千瓦时为单位消耗的能量。 (1 马力 = 0.746 千瓦)
解决方案:
Given,
Power generated by motor, P = 1.5 HP
= 1.5 × 0.746 kW
= 1.119 kW
Running time of motor, t = 3 h
Energy consumed, E = P × t
= (1.119 × 3) kW h
= 3.357 kW h
Hence, the energy consumed in kilowatt-hour is 3.357 kW h.