所有酸有什么共同点？

我们周围发现的物质，无论是食品、药物、肥料等，都分为酸、碱和盐三类。给定的文章涉及所有酸具有的共同特性的研究。在开始讨论之前，必须了解酸和碱，因此对其用途进行简要说明。

什么是酸？

Acids are substances that release positive hydrogen ions(H+) when dissolved in water. Generally, acids have a sour taste and can be detected with the litmus paper test as it changes blue litmus into the red. Acids are electrolytes and good conductors of electricity.

下面给出了不同酸的一些用途：

• 盐酸用于去除金属上的锈迹。
• 硫酸用于汽车电池、肥料、油漆、塑料和染料。
• 硝酸用于化肥、塑料、照相胶片、炸药和染料。
• 醋酸在食品补充剂中用作原料并用作溶剂。
• 柠檬酸用作食品防腐剂和调味剂。

什么是基地？

Bases are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. Generally, bases have a bitter taste and change red litmus paper into the blue. The base can also conduct electricity but they are not as good conductors as acid. The pH value of bases is above 7. They are weak dehydrating agents.  

下面给出了不同碱基的一些用途：

• 氢氧化钠用于制造纸皂和洗涤剂。
• 氢氧化钾用于制造肥皂和电池。
• 氢氧化钙用于制造砂浆和石膏。
• 氢氧化镁用作抗酸剂以中和胃中的酸度。
• 氢氧化铵用作清洁剂和制造肥料。

What do all Acids have in common?

All acids release ions due to which they are electrolytic in nature and conduct electricity. All acids turn blue litmus paper into red during the indication process. Acids have a pH value of less than 7. Most of the acids have an acidic or sour taste. They are good dehydrating agents. Acids remain colourless when placed in phenolphthalein (a colourless indicator). Acids remain colourless when placed in phenolphthalein (a colourless indicator).

Following are some important reactions that are shown by both acids and bases as:

• All acids release hydrogen (H+) ions on dissolving in water.

For example,

HCl ⇢ H⁺ + Cl^–

• On reacting with metal all acids produce hydrogen gas.

Metal + Acid ⇢ Ionic compound + Hydrogen gas

For example, With zinc as:

Zn + H₂SO₄ (sol) ⇢ ZnSO₄ (sol) + H₂ (g)

With aluminium as:

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ⇢ Al₂(SO₄)₃+ 3H₂ (g)

• Acids react with compounds like carbonate and bicarbonate to produce CO_2.

With CO₃ as:

CaCO₃ + 2HNO₃  ⇢  Ca(NO₃)₂ + CO₂ (g) + H₂O

With HCO₃ as:

NaHCO₃ + HCl ⇢ NaCl + CO₂ (g) +H₂O

Acids react with bases to form salt and water. The reaction is called the neutralization reaction.

Acid +Base ⇢ Salt +Water

For example,

HCl + NaOH ⇢ NaCl + H₂O

示例问题

问题 1：解释酸对人体功能的重要性？

回答：

The ascorbic acid also known as vitamin Chelps to fight colds and keep the immunity strong.

Hydrochloric acid is released by the stomach to help digest food.

问题2：ATP的成分是哪种酸？

回答：

Phosphoric acid is the component of ATP.

问题3：酸碱的PH值是多少？

回答：

The pH value of acid is less than 7 and that of the base is more than 7.

问题4：什么是贵金属？

回答：

Some metals like  Gold, Silver, Platinum, Mercury which do not produce hydrogen gas while reacting with acids are known as noble metals.

问题 5：如何检测溶液中的酸和碱？

回答：

Acid and base can be identified by litmus paper taste as acid changes blue litmus paper into red and bases change red litmus into blue.

问题 6：哪种酸负责体内蛋白质的合成？

答案：

Amino acid is required for protein synthesis which helps in the growth and repairing of body tissues.

问题 7：说出我们食品中发现的一些酸？

回答：

Some acids like Lactic acid( milk), citric acid (lemon), Tartaric Acid (tamarind) are found in our food items.