燃烧类型

实际上，燃烧是在原子、分子、自由基和固体屏障之间的分子水平上发生的动态或时间相关过程的结果。燃烧是燃料（碳氢化合物）和氧气之间发生的化学反应。当燃料和氧气发生反应时，会释放出热能和光能。火焰是由热能和光能形成的。因此，燃烧反应公式为碳氢化合物 + 氧气 = 热能。燃烧用于汽车发动机、火箭发动机和各种其他机器。

燃烧主要有三种形式。让我们研究燃烧和多种燃烧形式。

什么是燃烧？

Combustion is a chemical process that produces heat and light energy by combining a fuel and an oxidant. Combustion is the scientific word for burning.

由于燃烧的副产品是热能和光能，这两者结合并产生火焰。有时，燃烧不会产生火焰，因为只有在经历燃烧过程的燃料或物质蒸发时才能看到火焰。

燃烧是一种放热反应，表示为：

燃料（碳氢化合物）+ 氧气 ⇢二氧化碳 (CO ₂₎ + 水 (H ₂ O) + 热能

以下是燃烧的例子：

• 在汽车发动机中燃烧汽油或柴油来驱动汽车。
• 燃烧液化石油气做饭和其他家庭用途。
• 燃烧蜡烛产生火焰。
• 鞭炮的燃烧。
• 在寒冷条件下燃烧碳或木材等碳氢化合物以产生热量。

可燃物质：经过燃烧过程的物质称为可燃物质。这些物质在空气中燃烧并产生热能和光能。易燃物质通常被称为易燃物质。这些物质能够燃烧、点燃和自燃。可燃物质必须小心维护，以免发生事故。

例如汽油、煤油、木材、木炭、柴油等。

Types of Combustion

A combustion reaction is divided mainly into 3 types based on how the reaction happens and the products formed. They are:

1. Rapid Combustion,
2. Spontaneous Combustion, and
3. Explosive Combustion.

快速燃烧

Rapid Combustion requires external heat energy to start. This reaction results in enormous amounts of light and heat energy. As the name suggests this type of combustion occurs rapidly. 

只要有燃料，就会发生快速燃烧。这种燃烧过程大部分时间都会产生火焰，并用于进行内燃的发动机。这些发动机工作在快速燃烧，如果这些发动机内的混合物爆炸（称为爆震），则可以对其进行调整。

快速燃烧的例子是，

• 一旦我们通过闪电给火柴棒提供外部能量，蜡蜡烛就会燃烧。
• 在煤气炉中燃烧液化石油气。
• 煤油炉通过燃烧煤油来工作。

自燃

Spontaneous Combustion doesn’t require any external energy to start the combustion process, unlike Rapid combustion. This combustion starts spontaneously at room temperature itself due to self-heating.

该反应是由于物质的内部氧化导致的热过程而开始的，如果该特定物质达到其点火点温度并且有足够的氧气来启动燃烧过程，则该物质开始自行燃烧。物质内部温度的升高是由于内部反应，这些反应主要是放热，即放热。这种反应多发生在着火温度较低的物质中。

自燃的例子是，

• 森林火灾。
• 磷在室温下会自发燃烧。
• 碱金属与水结合时的反应。
• 有机材料内的细菌堆肥。
• 煤矿的许多事故都是由于煤的自燃造成的。

爆炸燃烧

Explosive Combustion happens very rapidly releasing enormous amounts of heat, light, and sound energy. This combustion process is simply can be said as an explosion. 

在这种燃烧过程中，释放的气体会迅速扩散，从而产生声能。当一些能量点燃物质并且热、光、声能立即释放时，爆炸性燃烧开始。

爆炸性燃烧的例子：

• 燃放鞭炮和
• 炸药爆炸。

快速燃烧和自燃之间的差异

让我们讨论一下快速燃烧和自燃之间的一些重要区别，因为，

	Spontaneous Combustion	Rapid Combustion
1.	Spontaneous combustion takes place spontaneously	Rapid Combustion must be started by an external source
2.	No external energy is required	External energy is required
3.	Depends on the ignition temperature of the fuel to start the combustion process.	Depends on external heat energy to start the combustion process
4.	Less amount of heat energy is released	A large amount of heat energy is released
5.	Less amount of light energy is released	A large amount of light energy is released
6.	e.g. Phosphorous burns spontaneously at room temperature, Forest Fires	e.g. Wax candle burns as soon as we give external energy by lightning the match stick, Burning of LPG in Gas Stove.

示例问题

问题一：不完全燃烧是什么意思？

解决方案：

The combustion process taking place in less or insufficient supply of oxygen is known as Incomplete Combustion. This type of combustion results in poisonous gases like carbon mono oxide, carbon dioxide. Carbon is usually released in the form of soot in this process. As incomplete combustion results in the formation of harmful gases complete combustion are usually preferred.

问题2：什么是点火温度？

解决方案：

Ignition temperature is the temperature at which the fuel starts burning is known as ignition temperature. Any substance to catch fire must reach its ignition point. Based on the ignition temperatures of a substance the necessary precautions are taken to store the substance. Every substance has different ignition points. For example, the ignition temperature of Ethanol is 365 ⁰C unless and until Ethanol reaches 365 ⁰C.

问题 3：定义易燃物质？

解决方案：

The substances with very less ignition temperature and mostly catches fire easily are known as Inflammable substances. These substances must be stored very carefully since they catch fire spontaneously without any external energy. Inflammable substances are highly combustible with high vapor pressure. Examples of inflammable substances are Kerosene, LPG, Magnesium, Phosphorous.

问题4：支持燃烧过程的因素是什么？

解决方案：

There are three factors that support the combustion process they are:

• Sufficient supply of oxygen
• Fuel which burns during combustion
• External heat energy or any energy that helps the fuel to reach the ignition point and starts the combustion process.

问题 5：定义热值？

解决方案：

Calorific value is the value that represents a value of the amount of heat released when one unit of substance undergoes combustion (complete combustion) in the abundant supply of oxygen. It is measured in the units, Joule.

问题 6：我们可以使用硫作为燃料吗？

解决方案：

Sulphur is an easily available element in nature and can burn in air to produce heat and light energy but, it is not used as a fuel since it produces harmful gas such as Sulfur dioxide when it burns in air. The resultant gases are poisonous which can cause some serious problems.

问题 7：自燃是如何发生的？

解决方案：

Spontaneous combustion takes place without using any external energy. This type of combustion takes place in substances with low ignition points in which many internal reactions like internal oxidation takes place results in heat energy. These internal reactions lead to self-heating and when the temperature hits the ignition point combustion takes place spontaneously.