Python 使用 Tkinter 的 GUI 日历

如果需要为 Python 项目创建基于 GUI 的日历，Tkinter 库是不错的选择。Tkinter 是 Python 语言的标准 GUI 库，其内置日历组件可以很好地完成日历显示的工作。

示例代码

下面是使用 Tkinter 创建日历的示例代码。代码中使用了 Python 内置的 datetime 模块来处理日期相关的逻辑。

import calendar
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk


class Calendar:
    def __init__(self, parent, values):
        self.values = values
        self.parent = parent
        self.cal = calendar.Calendar(firstweekday=calendar.SUNDAY)
        self.year = datetime.date.today().year
        self.month = datetime.date.today().month
        self.day = datetime.date.today().day
        self.current = self.cal.monthdayscalendar(self.year, self.month)
        self.selected = None
        self.create_calendar()

    def clear(self):
        for child in self.parent.winfo_children():
            child.destroy()

    def go_prev(self):
        if self.month == 1:
            self.month = 12
            self.year -= 1
        else:
            self.month -= 1
        self.selected = None
        self.current = self.cal.monthdayscalendar(self.year, self.month)
        self.clear()
        self.create_calendar()

    def go_next(self):
        if self.month == 12:
            self.month = 1
            self.year += 1
        else:
            self.month += 1
        self.selected = None
        self.current = self.cal.monthdayscalendar(self.year, self.month)
        self.clear()
        self.create_calendar()

    def selection(self, day, i):
        self.selected = day
        for c in self.values:
            c.set('')
        self.values[i].set(self.selected)

    def create_calendar(self):
        months = [
            'January', 'February', 'March', 'April',
            'May', 'June', 'July', 'August',
            'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'
        ]
        days = ['Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday']
        font_header = ('Verdana', 14)
        font_weekdays = ('Verdana', 10, 'bold')
        curr_month = months[self.month-1]
        head = tk.Label(self.parent, height=1, text=f"{curr_month} {self.year}", font=font_header)
        prev_button = ttk.Button(self.parent, text='Prev', command=self.go_prev)
        next_button = ttk.Button(self.parent, text='Next', command=self.go_next)
        cal_frame = tk.Frame(self.parent, bd=2, relief='flat')
        head.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=7)
        prev_button.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10)
        next_button.grid(row=0, column=6, padx=10)
        weekdays = [tk.Label(cal_frame, text=i, font=font_weekdays) for i in days]
        for i, day in enumerate(days):
            weekdays[i].grid(row=0, column=i)
        for week in self.current:
            week_frame = tk.Frame(cal_frame)
            week_frame.grid(row=self.current.index(week) + 1, column=0)
            for i, day in enumerate(week):
                if day == 0:
                    day_button = ttk.Button(week_frame, text='')
                    day_button.grid(row=0, column=i)
                else:
                    day_button = ttk.Button(week_frame, text=str(day), command=lambda day=day: self.selection(day, i))
                    day_button.grid(row=0, column=i)
                    if self.selected == day:
                        day_button.config(style='selected.TButton')
        cal_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, pady=10)

使用方法

以下是如何使用上面的示例代码创建一个简单的 GUI 日历：

import datetime
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import StringVar
from tkinter import ttk

from calendar_app import Calendar

# 创建应用
app = tk.Tk()
app.title('Python 日历')

# 创建日历
values = [StringVar() for _ in range(42)]
cal = Calendar(app, values)
cal.create_calendar()

# 运行应用
app.mainloop()

结论

上面的代码只是一个简单的 Tkinter 日历示例，可以根据需要进行自定义。最终的 UI 效果如下：

可以看到，Tkinter 不仅易于使用，还提供了灵活的定制选项，使其成为 Python 项目中基于 GUI 的日历的理想选择。