Python|使用 Tkinter 的简单 GUI 计算器

先决条件：Tkinter 介绍，lambda函数

Python为开发 GUI（图形用户界面）提供了多种选择。在所有的 GUI 方法中，Tkinter 是最常用的方法。它是Python随附的 Tk GUI 工具包的标准Python接口。带有 Tkinter 的Python输出创建 GUI 应用程序的最快和最简单的方法。使用 Tkinter 创建 GUI 是一项简单的任务。

创建一个 Tkinter ：

1. 导入模块 – tkinter
2. 创建主窗口（容器）
3. 将任意数量的小部件添加到主窗口
4. 在小部件上应用事件触发器。

下面是 GUI 的样子：

让我们使用Python Tkinter 模块创建一个基于 GUI 的简单计算器，它可以执行基本的算术运算加法、减法、乘法和除法。

下面是实现：

Python3

# Python program to create a simple GUI
# calculator using Tkinter
 
# import everything from tkinter module
from tkinter import *
 
# globally declare the expression variable
expression = ""
 
 
# Function to update expression
# in the text entry box
def press(num):
    # point out the global expression variable
    global expression
 
    # concatenation of string
    expression = expression + str(num)
 
    # update the expression by using set method
    equation.set(expression)
 
 
# Function to evaluate the final expression
def equalpress():
    # Try and except statement is used
    # for handling the errors like zero
    # division error etc.
 
    # Put that code inside the try block
    # which may generate the error
    try:
 
        global expression
 
        # eval function evaluate the expression
        # and str function convert the result
        # into string
        total = str(eval(expression))
 
        equation.set(total)
 
        # initialize the expression variable
        # by empty string
        expression = ""
 
    # if error is generate then handle
    # by the except block
    except:
 
        equation.set(" error ")
        expression = ""
 
 
# Function to clear the contents
# of text entry box
def clear():
    global expression
    expression = ""
    equation.set("")
 
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # create a GUI window
    gui = Tk()
 
    # set the background colour of GUI window
    gui.configure(background="light green")
 
    # set the title of GUI window
    gui.title("Simple Calculator")
 
    # set the configuration of GUI window
    gui.geometry("270x150")
 
    # StringVar() is the variable class
    # we create an instance of this class
    equation = StringVar()
 
    # create the text entry box for
    # showing the expression .
    expression_field = Entry(gui, textvariable=equation)
 
    # grid method is used for placing
    # the widgets at respective positions
    # in table like structure .
    expression_field.grid(columnspan=4, ipadx=70)
 
    # create a Buttons and place at a particular
    # location inside the root window .
    # when user press the button, the command or
    # function affiliated to that button is executed .
    button1 = Button(gui, text=' 1 ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press(1), height=1, width=7)
    button1.grid(row=2, column=0)
 
    button2 = Button(gui, text=' 2 ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press(2), height=1, width=7)
    button2.grid(row=2, column=1)
 
    button3 = Button(gui, text=' 3 ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press(3), height=1, width=7)
    button3.grid(row=2, column=2)
 
    button4 = Button(gui, text=' 4 ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press(4), height=1, width=7)
    button4.grid(row=3, column=0)
 
    button5 = Button(gui, text=' 5 ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press(5), height=1, width=7)
    button5.grid(row=3, column=1)
 
    button6 = Button(gui, text=' 6 ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press(6), height=1, width=7)
    button6.grid(row=3, column=2)
 
    button7 = Button(gui, text=' 7 ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press(7), height=1, width=7)
    button7.grid(row=4, column=0)
 
    button8 = Button(gui, text=' 8 ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press(8), height=1, width=7)
    button8.grid(row=4, column=1)
 
    button9 = Button(gui, text=' 9 ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press(9), height=1, width=7)
    button9.grid(row=4, column=2)
 
    button0 = Button(gui, text=' 0 ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press(0), height=1, width=7)
    button0.grid(row=5, column=0)
 
    plus = Button(gui, text=' + ', fg='black', bg='red',
                command=lambda: press("+"), height=1, width=7)
    plus.grid(row=2, column=3)
 
    minus = Button(gui, text=' - ', fg='black', bg='red',
                command=lambda: press("-"), height=1, width=7)
    minus.grid(row=3, column=3)
 
    multiply = Button(gui, text=' * ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press("*"), height=1, width=7)
    multiply.grid(row=4, column=3)
 
    divide = Button(gui, text=' / ', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press("/"), height=1, width=7)
    divide.grid(row=5, column=3)
 
    equal = Button(gui, text=' = ', fg='black', bg='red',
                command=equalpress, height=1, width=7)
    equal.grid(row=5, column=2)
 
    clear = Button(gui, text='Clear', fg='black', bg='red',
                command=clear, height=1, width=7)
    clear.grid(row=5, column='1')
 
    Decimal= Button(gui, text='.', fg='black', bg='red',
                    command=lambda: press('.'), height=1, width=7)
    Decimal.grid(row=6, column=0)
    # start the GUI
    gui.mainloop()

输出 ：