使用递归以对角自下而上方式遍历矩阵
给定一个大小为N x N的矩阵mat[][] ，任务是使用递归以自底向上的方式对角地遍历矩阵。
对角自底向上遍历：
- 遍历矩阵的主要对角线。
- 将底部对角线遍历到矩阵的主对角线。
- 遍历矩阵的主对角线的上对角线。
- 类似地，遍历每个对角线的矩阵。
下图显示了矩阵的自下而上遍历。
例子：
Input:
M[][] = {{11, 42, 25, 51},
{14, 17, 61, 23},
{22, 38, 19, 12},
{27, 81, 29, 71}}
Output:
11 17 19 71
14 38 29
42 61 12
22 81
25 23
27
51
Input:
M[][] = {{3, 2, 5},
{4, 7, 6},
{2, 8, 9}}
Output:
3 7 9
4 8
2 6
2
5 方法：这个想法是遍历矩阵的主要对角线元素，然后递归调用矩阵的底部对角线和上面的对角线到矩阵的主要对角线。该方法的递归定义描述如下：
- 函数定义：对于这个问题，会有如下参数：
- mat[][] // 要遍历的矩阵
- Current Row (say i ) // 要遍历的当前行
- 当前列（比如j ）//要遍历的当前列
- 行数（比如row ）
- 列数（比如col ）
- 基本情况：此问题的基本情况可能是当前行或当前列超出范围。在这种情况下，遍历另一个底部对角线，或者如果上次选择了底部对角线，则遍历其正上方的主对角线。
if (i >= row or j >= col)
if (flag)
// Change the Current index
// to the bottom diagonal
else
// Change the current index
// to the up diagonal of matrix- 递归情况：递归遍历矩阵有两种情况，定义如下：
- 当前对角线的遍历：遍历当前对角线将当前行和列同时加1，递归调用函数。
- 底部/向上对角线的遍历：要遍历底部/向上对角线，请调用递归函数，其中静态变量存储矩阵的下一个遍历起点。
下面是上述方法的实现：
C++
// C++ implementation to traverse the
// matrix in the bottom-up fashion
// using Recursion
#include
using namespace std;
// Recursive function to traverse the
// matrix Diagonally Bottom-up
bool traverseMatrixDiagonally(int m[][5],
int i, int j, int row, int col)
{
// Static variable for changing
// Row and column
static int k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
// Flag variable for handling
// Bottom up diagonal traversing
static bool flag = true;
// Base Condition
if (i >= row || j >= col) {
// Condition when to traverse
// Bottom Diagonal of the matrix
if (flag) {
int a = k1;
k1 = k2;
k2 = a;
flag = !flag;
k1++;
}
else {
int a = k1;
k1 = k2;
k2 = a;
flag = !flag;
}
cout << endl;
return false;
}
// Print matrix cell value
cout << m[i][j] << " ";
// Recursive function to traverse
// The matrix diagonally
if (traverseMatrixDiagonally(
m, i + 1, j + 1, row, col)) {
return true;
}
// Recursive function
// to change diagonal
if (traverseMatrixDiagonally(
m, k1, k2, row, col)) {
return true;
}
return true;
}
// Driver Code
int main()
{
// Initialize the 5 x 5 matrix
int mtrx[5][5] = {
{ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 },
{ 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 },
{ 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 },
{ 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 },
{ 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 }
};
// Function call
// for traversing matrix
traverseMatrixDiagonally(
mtrx, 0, 0, 5, 5);
} Java
// Java implementation to traverse
// the matrix in the bottom-up
// fashion using recursion
class GFG{
// Static variable for changing
// row and column
static int k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
// Flag variable for handling
// bottom up diagonal traversing
static boolean flag = true;
// Recursive function to traverse the
// matrix diagonally bottom-up
static boolean traverseMatrixDiagonally(int m[][], int i,
int j, int row,
int col)
{
// Base Condition
if (i >= row || j >= col)
{
// Condition when to traverse
// Bottom Diagonal of the matrix
if (flag)
{
int a = k1;
k1 = k2;
k2 = a;
flag = !flag;
k1++;
}
else
{
int a = k1;
k1 = k2;
k2 = a;
flag = !flag;
}
System.out.println();
return false;
}
// Print matrix cell value
System.out.print(m[i][j] + " ");
// Recursive function to traverse
// The matrix diagonally
if (traverseMatrixDiagonally(m, i + 1,
j + 1, row, col))
{
return true;
}
// Recursive function
// to change diagonal
if (traverseMatrixDiagonally(m, k1, k2, row, col))
{
return true;
}
return true;
}
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Initialize the 5 x 5 matrix
int mtrx[][] = { { 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 },
{ 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 },
{ 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 },
{ 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 },
{ 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 } };
// Function call
// for traversing matrix
traverseMatrixDiagonally(mtrx, 0, 0, 5, 5);
}
}
// This code is contributed by sapnasingh4991Python3
# Python3 implementation to traverse the
# matrix in the bottom-up fashion
# using Recursion
# Static variable for changing
# Row and column
k1 = 0
k2 = 0
# Flag variable for handling
# Bottom up diagonal traversing
flag = True
# Recursive function to traverse the
# matrix Diagonally Bottom-up
def traverseMatrixDiagonally(m, i,
j, row, col):
global k1
global k2
global flag
# Base Condition
if(i >= row or j >= col):
# Condition when to traverse
# Bottom Diagonal of the matrix
if(flag):
a = k1
k1 = k2
k2 = a
if(flag):
flag = False
else:
flag = True
k1 += 1
else:
a = k1
k1 = k2
k2 = a
if(flag):
flag = False
else:
flag = True
print()
return False
# Print matrix cell value
print(m[i][j], end = " ")
# Recursive function to traverse
# The matrix diagonally
if (traverseMatrixDiagonally(m, i + 1,
j + 1,
row, col)):
return True
# Recursive function
# to change diagonal
if(traverseMatrixDiagonally(m, k1,
k2, row, col)):
return True
return True
# Driver Code
# Initialize the 5 x 5 matrix
mtrx=[[10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19],
[20, 21, 22, 23, 24],
[25, 26, 27, 28, 29],
[30, 31, 32, 33, 34]]
# Function call
# for traversing matrix
traverseMatrixDiagonally(mtrx, 0,
0, 5, 5)
#This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155C#
// C# implementation to traverse
// the matrix in the bottom-up
// fashion using recursion
using System;
class GFG{
// Static variable for changing
// row and column
static int k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
// Flag variable for handling
// bottom up diagonal traversing
static bool flag = true;
// Recursive function to traverse the
// matrix diagonally bottom-up
static bool traverseMatrixDiagonally(int [,]m, int i,
int j, int row,
int col)
{
// Base Condition
if (i >= row || j >= col)
{
// Condition when to traverse
// Bottom Diagonal of the matrix
if (flag)
{
int a = k1;
k1 = k2;
k2 = a;
flag = !flag;
k1++;
}
else
{
int a = k1;
k1 = k2;
k2 = a;
flag = !flag;
}
Console.WriteLine();
return false;
}
// Print matrix cell value
Console.Write(m[i, j] + " ");
// Recursive function to traverse
// The matrix diagonally
if (traverseMatrixDiagonally(m, i + 1,
j + 1, row, col))
{
return true;
}
// Recursive function
// to change diagonal
if (traverseMatrixDiagonally(m, k1, k2, row, col))
{
return true;
}
return true;
}
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
// Initialize the 5 x 5 matrix
int [,]mtrx = { { 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 },
{ 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 },
{ 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 },
{ 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 },
{ 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 } };
// Function call for
// traversing matrix
traverseMatrixDiagonally(mtrx, 0, 0, 5, 5);
}
}
// This code is contributed by Amit KatiyarJavascript
输出
10 16 22 28 34
15 21 27 33
11 17 23 29
20 26 32
12 18 24
25 31
13 19
30
14 时间复杂度： O(N 2 )