Python程序合并两个排序列表(就地)
给定两个排序列表,将它们合并以产生一个组合排序列表(不使用额外空间)。
例子:
Input: head1: 5->7->9
head2: 4->6->8
Output: 4->5->6->7->8->9
Explanation: The output list is in sorted order.
Input: head1: 1->3->5->7
head2: 2->4
Output: 1->2->3->4->5->7
Explanation: The output list is in sorted order.
下面的帖子中有不同的讨论不同的解决方案。
合并两个排序的链表
方法1(递归):
方法:给定链表已排序,可以形成递归解决方案。
- 比较两个链表的头部。
- 在两个头节点中找到较小的节点。当前元素将是两个头节点中较小的节点。
- 两个列表的其余元素将在此之后出现。
- 现在运行一个带有参数的递归函数、较小元素的下一个节点和另一个头。
- 递归函数将返回与排序元素的其余部分链接的下一个较小元素。现在将当前元素的下一个指向该元素,即curr_ele->next=recursivefunction()
- 处理一些极端情况。
- 如果两个头都为 NULL,则返回 null。
- 如果一个头为空,则返回另一个。
Python3
# Python3 program to merge two
# sorted linked lists in-place.
import math
class Node:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.next = None
# Function to create newNode in
# a linkedlist
def newNode(key):
temp = Node(key)
temp.data = key
temp.next = None
return temp
# A utility function to print
# linked list
def printList(node):
while (node != None):
print(node.data,
end = " ")
node = node.next
# Merges two given lists in-place.
# This function mainly compares
# head nodes and calls mergeUtil()
def merge(h1, h2):
if (h1 == None):
return h2
if (h2 == None):
return h1
# start with the linked list
# whose head data is the least
if (h1.data < h2.data):
h1.next = merge(h1.next, h2)
return h1
else:
h2.next = merge(h1, h2.next)
return h2
# Driver Code
if __name__=='__main__':
head1 = newNode(1)
head1.next = newNode(3)
head1.next.next = newNode(5)
# 1.3.5 LinkedList created
head2 = newNode(0)
head2.next = newNode(2)
head2.next.next = newNode(4)
# 0.2.4 LinkedList created
mergedhead = merge(head1, head2)
printList(mergedhead)
# This code is contributed by Srathore
Python
# Python program to merge two
# sorted linked lists in-place.
# Linked List node
class Node:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.next = None
# Function to create newNode in
# a linkedlist
def newNode(key):
temp = Node(0)
temp.data = key
temp.next = None
return temp
# A utility function to print
# linked list
def printList(node):
while (node != None) :
print( node.data, end =" ")
node = node.next
# Merges two lists with headers as h1 and h2.
# It assumes that h1's data is smaller than
# or equal to h2's data.
def mergeUtil(h1, h2):
# if only one node in first list
# simply point its head to second
# list
if (h1.next == None) :
h1.next = h2
return h1
# Initialize current and next
# pointers of both lists
curr1 = h1
next1 = h1.next
curr2 = h2
next2 = h2.next
while (next1 != None and
curr2 != None):
# if curr2 lies in between curr1
# and next1 then do curr1.curr2.next1
if ((curr2.data) >= (curr1.data) and
(curr2.data) <= (next1.data)):
next2 = curr2.next
curr1.next = curr2
curr2.next = next1
# now let curr1 and curr2 to point
# to their immediate next pointers
curr1 = curr2
curr2 = next2
else:
# if more nodes in first list
if (next1.next) :
next1 = next1.next
curr1 = curr1.next
# else point the last node of first list
# to the remaining nodes of second list
else:
next1.next = curr2
return h1
return h1
# Merges two given lists in-place.
# This function mainly compares head
# nodes and calls mergeUtil()
def merge(h1, h2):
if (h1 == None):
return h2
if (h2 == None):
return h1
# Start with the linked list
# whose head data is the least
if (h1.data < h2.data):
return mergeUtil(h1, h2)
else:
return mergeUtil(h2, h1)
# Driver code
head1 = newNode(1)
head1.next = newNode(3)
head1.next.next = newNode(5)
# 1.3.5 LinkedList created
head2 = newNode(0)
head2.next = newNode(2)
head2.next.next = newNode(4)
# 0.2.4 LinkedList created
mergedhead = merge(head1, head2)
printList(mergedhead)
# This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu
输出:
0 1 2 3 4 5
复杂性分析:
- 时间复杂度: O(n)。
只需要遍历一次链表。 - 辅助空间: O(n)。
如果考虑递归堆栈空间。
方法2(迭代):
方法:这种方法与上述递归方法非常相似。
- 从头到尾遍历列表。
- 如果第二个列表的头节点位于第一个列表的两个节点之间,则将其插入其中并使第二个列表的下一个节点成为头。继续此操作,直到两个列表中都没有节点,即遍历两个列表。
- 如果第一个列表在遍历时到达末尾,则将下一个节点指向第二个列表的头部。
注意:比较两个列表,其中头部值较小的列表是第一个列表。
Python
# Python program to merge two
# sorted linked lists in-place.
# Linked List node
class Node:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.next = None
# Function to create newNode in
# a linkedlist
def newNode(key):
temp = Node(0)
temp.data = key
temp.next = None
return temp
# A utility function to print
# linked list
def printList(node):
while (node != None) :
print( node.data, end =" ")
node = node.next
# Merges two lists with headers as h1 and h2.
# It assumes that h1's data is smaller than
# or equal to h2's data.
def mergeUtil(h1, h2):
# if only one node in first list
# simply point its head to second
# list
if (h1.next == None) :
h1.next = h2
return h1
# Initialize current and next
# pointers of both lists
curr1 = h1
next1 = h1.next
curr2 = h2
next2 = h2.next
while (next1 != None and
curr2 != None):
# if curr2 lies in between curr1
# and next1 then do curr1.curr2.next1
if ((curr2.data) >= (curr1.data) and
(curr2.data) <= (next1.data)):
next2 = curr2.next
curr1.next = curr2
curr2.next = next1
# now let curr1 and curr2 to point
# to their immediate next pointers
curr1 = curr2
curr2 = next2
else:
# if more nodes in first list
if (next1.next) :
next1 = next1.next
curr1 = curr1.next
# else point the last node of first list
# to the remaining nodes of second list
else:
next1.next = curr2
return h1
return h1
# Merges two given lists in-place.
# This function mainly compares head
# nodes and calls mergeUtil()
def merge(h1, h2):
if (h1 == None):
return h2
if (h2 == None):
return h1
# Start with the linked list
# whose head data is the least
if (h1.data < h2.data):
return mergeUtil(h1, h2)
else:
return mergeUtil(h2, h1)
# Driver code
head1 = newNode(1)
head1.next = newNode(3)
head1.next.next = newNode(5)
# 1.3.5 LinkedList created
head2 = newNode(0)
head2.next = newNode(2)
head2.next.next = newNode(4)
# 0.2.4 LinkedList created
mergedhead = merge(head1, head2)
printList(mergedhead)
# This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu
输出:
0 1 2 3 4 5
复杂性分析:
- 时间复杂度: O(n)。
因为只需要遍历一次链表。 - 辅助空间: O(1)。
因为不需要空间。
有关更多详细信息,请参阅有关合并两个排序列表(就地)的完整文章!