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📜  检查任何一对半圆是否相交(1)

📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:10:51.977000             🧑  作者: Mango

检查任意一对半圆是否相交

在计算机图形学和计算几何领域中,半圆经常出现在不同的应用场景中。在某些情况下,需要判断任意一对半圆是否相交。那么,如何实现这个算法呢?

算法介绍

要检查任意一对半圆是否相交,可以利用半平面交的思想。对于每个半圆,可以将其转化为一个射线和线段的组合。然后,在使用半平面交的算法判断这些射线和线段的交点是否是有效的。如果所有的半圆的交点都是有效的,则这些半圆相交。

算法实现

以下是用 Python 实现检查任意一对半圆是否相交的伪代码:

def test_half_circles_intersecting(half_circles_list):
    # 将每个半圆转化为一个射线和线段的组合
    lines_list = []
    for half_circle in half_circles_list:
        center = half_circle.center
        radius = half_circle.radius
        start_point = center - Point(radius, 0)
        end_point = center + Point(radius, 0)
        line = Line.from_points(start_point, end_point)
        left_boundary = Line.from_point_and_direction(center, Point(0, 1))
        right_boundary = Line.from_point_and_direction(center, Point(0, -1))
        arc_length = math.atan2(1, radius)
        arc_start = start_point.rotate_around(center, arc_length)
        arc_end = end_point.rotate_around(center, -arc_length)
        if arc_start.y < center.y:
            segment = Segment(arc_start, center)
        else:
            segment = Segment(center, arc_start)
        lines_list.append((line, left_boundary, right_boundary, segment))
        if arc_end.y < center.y:
            segment = Segment(arc_end, center)
        else:
            segment = Segment(center, arc_end)
        lines_list.append((line, left_boundary, right_boundary, segment))

    # 判断每个半圆的交点是否是有效的
    half_planes_list = [Halfplane.from_line_and_point(line, line.start) for (line, _, _, _) in lines_list]
    half_planes_list.extend([Halfplane.from_line_and_point(line, line.end) for (line, _, _, _) in lines_list])
    half_planes_list.extend([Halfplane.from_line_and_direction(left_boundary, Point(-1, 0)) for (_, left_boundary, _, _) in lines_list])
    half_planes_list.extend([Halfplane.from_line_and_direction(right_boundary, Point(1, 0)) for (_, _, right_boundary, _) in lines_list])
    half_planes_list.extend([Halfplane.from_segment(segment) for (_, _, _, segment) in lines_list])
    half_planes_intersection = halfspace_intersection(half_planes_list)
    if half_planes_intersection.is_empty():
        return False
    else:
        return True
算法测试

我们可以使用以下数据来测试算法的正确性:

def test():
    # 创建三个半圆,它们相交
    half_circle1 = HalfCircle(Point(0, 0), 1, math.pi, 2*math.pi)
    half_circle2 = HalfCircle(Point(1, 1), 1, -math.pi/2, math.pi/2)
    half_circle3 = HalfCircle(Point(-1, 1), 1, math.pi/2, 3*math.pi/2)
    half_circles_list = [half_circle1, half_circle2, half_circle3]
    assert(test_half_circles_intersecting(half_circles_list))

    # 创建两个半圆,它们不相交
    half_circle1 = HalfCircle(Point(0, 0), 1, 0, math.pi)
    half_circle2 = HalfCircle(Point(3, 0), 1, 0, math.pi)
    half_circles_list = [half_circle1, half_circle2]
    assert(not test_half_circles_intersecting(half_circles_list))

    print("All tests passed.")
参考文献
  • Computational Geometry in C (Second Edition), Joseph O'Rourke, 1998
总结

在计算机图形学和计算几何领域中,半圆是一个非常常见的图形。对于某些问题,需要判断任意一对半圆是否相交。本文介绍了一种通过半平面交来检查任意一对半圆是否相交的算法,并通过 Python 实现了该算法的伪代码和测试用例。