碱和碱的区别
碱是化学中碱金属或碱土元素的碱性离子盐。溶于水的碱也称为碱。可溶性碱溶液的 pH 值大于 7.0。在英语中，形容词碱性和碱性经常用作基本的同义词，特别是可溶于水的碱。因为碱是第一个发现遵守阿伦尼乌斯定义的碱基，并且它们仍然是最常见的碱基之一，所以这个术语的广泛使用很可能已经出现。
什么是基地？
A base is a material that is used to neutralise the acid. Metal hydroxides and metal oxides are examples of bases that react with acids to produce a neutral result.
水不溶解碱。氢氧化锌和氧化铜是碱的例子。以下是碱基的一些重要性质：
- 碱与酸相互作用以中和它。
- 底座有一种刺鼻的味道，摸起来很滑。
- 当它们与酸反应时，它们会形成盐分子和水。
- 强碱基和弱碱基是两种不同类型的碱基。
- NaOH是强碱的一个例子。
- NH3 是弱碱的一个例子。
碱
Alkalis are chemical groups with a high pH. These compounds are essentially ubiquitous, and they have a wide range of uses in biological and industrial systems.
氢氧化铝、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铵和碳酸锂是一些最常用的可引起毒性的碱。氢氧化铵和碳酸锂是两种常用于治疗多种疾病和病症的碱。在临床医学中，含碳酸氢盐的碱被广泛用于治疗代谢性酸中毒。
碱性生物体液（血液、血清、尿液、唾液、阴道分泌物）和土壤的 pH 值为 7.4 或更高。然而，因碱导致死亡的案例并不多。
Dissociation of Alkalis
An alkali, on the other hand, dissociates to liberate OH– ions. Any free H+ ions in the solution bond to these OH– ions (forming water or H2O). As a result, the amount of free H+ ions decreases and the pH rises. As a result, alkalis are sometimes referred to as H+ ion acceptors.
CHNaO3, often known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a weak alkali. It does not release many of its OH– ions when it dissociates in water. A strong alkali, such as NaOH (sodium hydroxide or caustic soda), on the other hand, releases practically all of its OH– ions in solution.
A considerable number of free OH– ions are present in alkaline solutions. These OH– ions like to bond to any free H+ ions they come across. Because pH counts the quantity of free H+ ions, this increases the pH number or value of an alkaline solution.
关于碱，最重要的是要记住它们都是碱，但并非所有碱都是碱。
酸被碱中和，碱构成一组药物。碱是水溶性碱。它们需要光滑的肥皂感，以及大于 7 的 pH 值。苛性钠、氧化镁乳、碳酸氢钠（碳酸氢钠）、次氯酸盐和氨都是常见的例子。
纸、洗涤剂和soap都是用氢氧化钠制成的。钾肥被农民用来使酸性土壤变得更碱性，以便植物在其中生长得更好，它也被用作碱性电池、镍镉电池和镍氢电池的电解质。
碱与碱的区别
Base | Alkali |
| When dissolved in water, the base will increase the concentration of OH-ions. | When an alkali is dissolved in water, the resultant solution is clear. The solution may also have an unpleasant odour. However, the amount of water, alkali, and pH value of the alkali all have a role. |
| When you taste bases, they are harsh. The remainder, with the exception of ammonia, is odourless. They’re slick, and they react to fats and oils. | The physical and chemical properties of alkali are the same. They’re soft and cut easily with a knife. Their melting points are low, and their densities are low. Sodium, potassium, and lithium, for example, are too heavy to float in water. |
| Bases have a harsh flavour and a slick, soap-like texture. They create water and salt molecules when they react with acids. | Alkalis are chemicals that are used to soften water and remove organic tannins, fluorides, and other contaminants. They’re utilised to bring water’s pH levels back to normal. Alkali is used to keep sewage sludge clean and decrease odour. |
| When bases react with water, they dissociate, releasing a free hydrogen ion (OH-). Alkalis, on the other hand, react aggressively when coupled with water. The reaction yields hydrogen gas and base, a very alkaline solution. | They are used to aid increase visibility in industrial applications and mining activities. This also aids in the elimination of phosphate and nitrogen. Sodium chloride, an alkali, is used as table salt in kitchens. Gastric medication, soaps, detergents, and cleansers all employ bases. They’re also utilised to neutralise acidic wastewater as a non-hazardous alkali. They’re also found in antiperspirant armpit deodorants. |
| The most common bases are ammonia, baking soda, and caustic soda. | Alkalis are lustrous, soft metals with silvery tint. One electron covers its exterior shell. They create +1 cations when they are eliminated. |
示例问题
问题一：为什么柠檬汁有酸味？
回答：
Lemon juice has a sour taste because it contains H+ ions that give a sour taste.
问题2：农业石灰用于酸性田间。为什么？
回答：
They are used in acidic fields because lime is basic in nature that reacts with acidic soil and the acidity of the soil is reduced.
问题3：盐酸被称为强酸。如何？
回答：
Hydrochloric acid is known as a strong acid because it undergoes almost complete ionization and gives a high concentration of hydrogen ions.
问题4：酸可以说是质子供体。证明合法？
回答：
It gives hydrogen ions when dissolve in water so, it can be said as proton donors.
问题5：硫酸铜溶液呈酸性。为什么？
回答：
Copper sulphate is a salt that is formed from the reaction of a weak base and strong acid. Thus, it is an acidic salt and shows acidic nature.
问题 6.“所有的碱都是碱，但所有的碱都不是碱”。证明合法？
回答：
Some bases are soluble in water and others are insoluble in water. Water soluble bases are called alkalis while bases, which are not soluble in water, are not alkalis. Therefore, all alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkalis.