📜  C结构和C++结构之间的区别

📅  最后修改于: 2021-05-26 03:21:58             🧑  作者: Mango

在C++中,struct和class完全相同,除了struct默认为公共可见性和class默认为私有可见性。
C和C++结构之间的一些重要区别:

  • 结构内部的成员函数:C中的结构不能在结构内部具有成员函数,但是C++中的结构可以与数据成员一起具有成员函数。
C
// C Program to Implement Member functions inside structure
 
#include 
struct marks {
    int num;
    void
    Set(int temp)   // Member function inside Structure to
                    // take input and store it in "num"
    {
        num = temp;
    }
    void display()  //  function used to display the values
    {
        printf("%d", num);
    }
};
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    struct marks m1;
    m1.Set(9); // calling function inside Struct to
               // initialize value to num
    m1.display(); // calling function inside struct to
                  // display value of Num
}
 
/* Error Occured
prog.c:18:4: error: ‘struct marks’ has no member named ‘Set’
  m1.Set(9);  // calling function inside Struct to
initialize value to num
    ^
prog.c:19:4: error: ‘struct marks’ has no member named
‘display’ m1.display(); // calling function inside struct to
display value of Num
 */


C++
// C++ Program to Implement Member functions inside
// structure
 
#include 
using namespace std;
struct marks {
    int num;
    void
    Set(int temp) // Member function inside Structure to
                  // take input and store it in "num"
    {
        num = temp;
    }
    void display() //  function used to display the values
    {
        cout << "num=" << num;
    }
};
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    marks m1;
    m1.Set(9); // calling function inside Struct to
               // initialize value to num
    m1.display(); // calling function inside struct to
                  // display value of Num
}
 
// This Code is Contributed by Samyak Jain


C
// C program to demonstrate that direct
// member initialization is not possible in C
#include 
 
struct Record {
    int x = 7;
};
 
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    struct Record s;
    printf("%d", s.x);
    return 0;
}
/* Output :  Compiler Error
   6:8: error: expected ':', ', ', ';', '}' or
  '__attribute__' before '=' token
  int x = 7;
        ^
  In function 'main': */


C++
// CPP program to initialize data member in c++
#include 
using namespace std;
 
struct Record {
    int x = 7;
};
 
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    Record s;
    cout << s.x << endl;
    return 0;
}
// Output
// 7


C
// C program with structure static member
struct Record {
    static int x;
};
 
// Driver program
int main()
{
    return 0;
}
/* 6:5: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list
   before 'static'
     static int x;
     ^*/


C++
// C++ program with structure static member
 
struct Record {
    static int x;
};
 
// Driver program
int main()
{
    return 0;
}


C
// C program to demonstrate that Constructor is not allowed
#include 
 
struct Student {
    int roll;
    Student(int x)
    {
        roll = x;
    }
};
 
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    struct Student s(2);
    printf("%d", s.x);
    return 0;
}
/* Output :  Compiler Error
   [Error] expected specifier-qualifier-list
    before 'Student'
   [Error] expected declaration specifiers or
   '...' before numeric constant
   [Error] 's' undeclared (first use
   5555555555in this function)
   In function 'main': */


C++
// CPP program to initialize data member in c++
#include 
using namespace std;
 
struct Student {
    int roll;
    Student(int x)
    {
        roll = x;
    }
};
 
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    struct Student s(2);
    cout << s.roll;
    return 0;
}
// Output
// 2


C
// C program to illustrate empty structure
#include 
 
// empty structure
struct Record {
};
 
// Driver program
int main()
{
    struct Record s;
    printf("%d\n", sizeof(s));
    return 0;
}


C++
// C++ program to illustrate empty structure
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// empty structure
struct Record{   
};
 
// Driver program
int main() {
    struct Record s;
    cout<


这将在C中产生一个错误,但在C++中不会产生任何错误。

C++

// C++ Program to Implement Member functions inside
// structure
 
#include 
using namespace std;
struct marks {
    int num;
    void
    Set(int temp) // Member function inside Structure to
                  // take input and store it in "num"
    {
        num = temp;
    }
    void display() //  function used to display the values
    {
        cout << "num=" << num;
    }
};
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    marks m1;
    m1.Set(9); // calling function inside Struct to
               // initialize value to num
    m1.display(); // calling function inside struct to
                  // display value of Num
}
 
// This Code is Contributed by Samyak Jain
输出
num=9
  • 直接初始化:我们无法在C中直接初始化结构数据成员,但可以在C++中完成。

C

// C program to demonstrate that direct
// member initialization is not possible in C
#include 
 
struct Record {
    int x = 7;
};
 
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    struct Record s;
    printf("%d", s.x);
    return 0;
}
/* Output :  Compiler Error
   6:8: error: expected ':', ', ', ';', '}' or
  '__attribute__' before '=' token
  int x = 7;
        ^
  In function 'main': */

C++

// CPP program to initialize data member in c++
#include 
using namespace std;
 
struct Record {
    int x = 7;
};
 
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    Record s;
    cout << s.x << endl;
    return 0;
}
// Output
// 7

输出:

7
  • 使用struct关键字:在C语言中,我们需要使用struct来声明一个struct变量。在C++中,没有必要使用struct。例如,让Record有一个结构。在C语言中,我们必须对记录变量使用“结构记录”。在C++中,我们不需要使用struct,而仅使用’Record’才可以。
  • 静态成员: C结构不能具有静态成员,但C++允许使用。

C

// C program with structure static member
struct Record {
    static int x;
};
 
// Driver program
int main()
{
    return 0;
}
/* 6:5: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list
   before 'static'
     static int x;
     ^*/

C++

// C++ program with structure static member
 
struct Record {
    static int x;
};
 
// Driver program
int main()
{
    return 0;
}

这将在C中产生一个错误,但在C++中不会产生任何错误。

  • 在结构中创建构造函数:C中的结构不能在结构内部具有构造函数,但是C++中的结构可以具有构造函数创建。

C

// C program to demonstrate that Constructor is not allowed
#include 
 
struct Student {
    int roll;
    Student(int x)
    {
        roll = x;
    }
};
 
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    struct Student s(2);
    printf("%d", s.x);
    return 0;
}
/* Output :  Compiler Error
   [Error] expected specifier-qualifier-list
    before 'Student'
   [Error] expected declaration specifiers or
   '...' before numeric constant
   [Error] 's' undeclared (first use
   5555555555in this function)
   In function 'main': */

C++

// CPP program to initialize data member in c++
#include 
using namespace std;
 
struct Student {
    int roll;
    Student(int x)
    {
        roll = x;
    }
};
 
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    struct Student s(2);
    cout << s.roll;
    return 0;
}
// Output
// 2

输出:

2
  • sizeof运算符:此运算符将为C中的空结构生成0 ,而为C++中的空结构生成1

C

// C program to illustrate empty structure
#include 
 
// empty structure
struct Record {
};
 
// Driver program
int main()
{
    struct Record s;
    printf("%d\n", sizeof(s));
    return 0;
}

C++

// C++ program to illustrate empty structure
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// empty structure
struct Record{   
};
 
// Driver program
int main() {
    struct Record s;
    cout<

在C中的输出:

0

在C++中的输出:

1
  • 数据隐藏: C结构不允许数据隐藏的概念,但在C++中是允许的,因为C++是一种面向对象的语言,而C语言则不是。
  • 访问修饰符: C结构没有访问修饰符,因为语言不支持这些修饰符。由于C++结构是用语言内置的,因此可以具有此概念。
要从最佳影片策划和实践问题去学习,检查了C++基础课程为基础,以先进的C++和C++ STL课程基础加上STL。要完成从学习语言到DS Algo等的更多准备工作,请参阅“完整面试准备课程”