三角函数的反函数是三角函数的反函数。正弦,余弦,割线,切线,割线和割线函数有倒数。它们也被称为弧函数,反三角函数或循环函数。三角学中的这些反函数用于获取具有任何三角学比率的角度。让我们来详细讨论每个函数。
反正弦
反正弦函数是由sin -1 x表示的正弦函数的逆函数。它返回其正弦对应于所提供数字的角度。
sinθ = (Opposite/Hypotenuse)
=> sin-1 (Opposite/Hypotenuse) = θ
sin逆定理是: d / dx sin -1 x = 1 /√(1 – x 2 )
证明:
sin(θ) = x
now,
f(x) = sin-1x ..(eq1)
substitute value of sin in eq(1)
f(sin(θ)) = θ
f'(sin(θ))cos(θ) = 1 .. differentiating the equation
we know that,
sin2θ + cos2θ= 1
so,
cos = √(1 – x2)
f'(x) = 1/√(1 – x2)
now,
d/dx sin-1x = 1/√(1 – x2)
hence proved.
例子:
sin-1(1/2) = π/6
反余弦
反余弦函数是乘以cos -1表示的正弦函数的逆。它返回其余弦对应于所提供数字的角度。
cosθ = (Hypotenuse/Adjacent)
=> cos-1 (Hypotenuse/Adjacent) = θ
cos逆定理是: d / dx cos -1 (x)= -1 /√(1 – x 2 )
证明:
cos(θ) = x
θ = arccos(x)
dx = dcos(θ) = −sin(θ)dθ .. differentiate the equation
now,
we know that,
sin2 + cos2 = 1
so,
cos = √(1 – x2)
−sin(θ) = −sin(arccos(x)) = -√(1 – x2)
dθ/dx = −1/sin(θ) = -1/√(1 – x2)
so,
dθ/dx cos-1(x) = -1/√(1 – x2)
hence proved.
例子:
cos-1(1/2) = π/3
反正切
反正切函数是由tan -1表示的正切函数的逆。它返回其切线对应于所提供数字的角度。
tanθ = (Opposite/Adjacent)
=> tan-1 (Opposite/Adjacent) = θ
tan逆定理是: d / dx tan -1 (x)= 1 /(1 + x 2 )
证明:
tan(θ) = x
θ = arctan(x)
we know that,
tan2θ + 1 = sec2θ
dx/dθ = sec2y .. differentiating tan function
dx/dθ = 1+x2
therefore,
dθ/dx = 1/(1 + x2)
hence proved.
例子:
tan-1(1) = π/4
限制功能域以使其可逆
由ƒ(x)= sin(x)定义的ƒ:R⇒[-1,1]范围内的实函数不是双射,因为不同的图像具有相同的图像,例如ƒ(0)= 0,ƒ(2π )= 0,ƒ(π)= 0,因此,ƒ不是一一。由于ƒ不是双射(因为它不是一一),因此不存在逆。为了使函数双射,我们可以在将函数域限制后将函数的域限制为[-π/ 2,π/ 2]或[-π/ 2,3π/ 2]或[−3π / 2,5π/ 2] ƒ(x)= sin(x)是双射,因此ƒ是可逆的。也就是说,为了使sin(x)可以将其限制为[-π/ 2,π/ 2]或[-π/ 2,3π/ 2]或[-3π/ 2,5π/ 2]或……的域。但是[−π / 2,π/ 2]是sinθ的主要解,因此使sinθ可逆。自然地,如果未提及其他域,则应考虑域[-π/ 2,π/ 2]。
- ƒ:[-π/ 2,π/ 2]⇒[-1,1]被定义为ƒ(x)= sin(x)并且是双射,因此存在逆。 sin -1的逆也称为反正弦,反函数也称为反弧函数。
- ƒ:[-π/ 2,π/ 2]⇒[-1,1]定义为sinθ= x⇔sin -1 (x)=θ,θ属于[-π/ 2,π/ 2]和x属于[-1,1]。
同样,我们限制cos,tan,cot,sec,cosec的域,以便它们是可逆的。
反函数的域和范围
Function |
Domain |
Range |
---|---|---|
sin-1 | [ -1 , 1 ] | [ −π/2, π/2 ] |
cos-1 | [ -1 , 1 ] | [ 0, π ] |
tan-1 | R | [ −π/2 , π/2 ] |
cot-1 | R | [ 0 , π ] |
sec-1 | ( -∞ , -1 ] U [ 1,∞ ) | [ 0 , π ] − { π/2 } |
cosec-1 | ( -∞ , -1 ] U [ 1 , ∞ ) | [ −π/2 , π/2 ] – { 0 } |
将逆三角函数与计算器一起使用
在科学计算器中,可以找到反三角函数以及三角函数。要查找某个角度的三角函数,请以度或弧度为单位输入所选角度。在计算器下面,六个三角函数将出现正弦,余弦,切线,正割,割线和正切。同样找到反三角函数的科学计算器转到计算器SHIFT键的同时按下然后选择任一标准的函数,如正弦,余弦,正切,余割,正割和余切。这将使您能够使用反三角函数。选择函数只需输入您的参数是否弧度或学位或反函数的情况下输入值该特定函数的定义域和科学计算器内的谎言会解决这个问题之后。
反三角函数
周期性功能:
由于三角函数是周期性的,因此它们的逆函数会发生变化,以标准格式将其写入,我们使用下面提供的方程式。
arcsin(x) = (-1)narc sin x + πn
arccos(x) = ±arccos x + 2πn
arctan(x) = arctan(x) + πn
arccot(x) = arccot(x) + πn
where n = 0, ±1, ±2, ….
将三角函数替换为不同的函数:
- tan(x) = sin(x)/√(1 – sin2(x)) , x ∈ ( -π/2 , π/2 )
- arcsin(a) = arctan(a/√(1 – a2)) , |a| < 1
反三角函数的导数:
d/dx sin-1(x) = 1/√(1 – x2)
d/dx cos-1(x) = -1/√(1 – x2)
d/dx tan-1(x) = 1/(1 + x2)
d/dx cot-1(x) = -1/(1 + x2)
不同三角函数的性质
第一组:罪的性质
1) sin(θ) = x ⇔ sin-1(x) = θ , θ ∈ [ -π/2 , π/2 ], x ∈ [ -1 , 1 ]
2) sin-1(sin(θ)) = θ , θ ∈ [ -π/2 , π/2 ]
3) sin(sin-1(x)) = x , x ∈ [ -1 , 1 ]
例子:
- sin(π/2) = 1 ⇒ sin-1(1) = π/2
- sin-1(sin(π/2)) = π/2
- sin(sin-1(1)) = 1
第2集:cos的性质
4) cos(θ) = x ⇔ cos-1(x) = θ , θ ∈ [ 0 , π ] , x ∈ [ -1 , 1 ]
5) cos-1(cos(θ)) = θ , θ ∈ [ 0 , π ]
6) cos(cos-1(x)) = x , x ∈ [ -1 , 1 ]
例子:
- cos(π/3) = 1/2 ⇒ cos-1(1/2) = π/3
- cos-1(cos(π/3)) = π/3
- cos(cos-1(1/2)) = 1/2
第3组:棕褐色的属性
7) tan(θ) = x ⇔ tan-1(x) = θ , θ ∈ [ -π/2 , π/2 ] , x ∈ R
8) tan-1(tan(θ)) = θ , θ ∈ [ -π/2 , π/2 ]
9) tan(tan-1(x)) = x , x ∈ R
例子:
- tan(π/4) = 1 ⇒ tan-1(1) = π/4
- tan-1(tan(π/4)) = π/4
- tan(tan-1(1)) = 1
第4组:婴儿床的属性
10) cot(θ) = x ⇔ cot-1(x) = θ , θ ∈ [ 0 , π ] , x ∈ R
11) cot-1(cot(θ)) = θ , θ ∈ [ 0 , π ]
12) cot(cot-1(x)) = x , x ∈ R
例子:
- cot(π/4) = 1 ⇒ cot-1(1) = π/4
- cot(cot-1(π/4)) = π/4
- cot(cot(1)) = 1
设置5:秒的属性
13) sec(θ) = x ⇔ sec-1(x) = θ , θ ∈ [ 0 , π] – { π/2 } , x ∈ (-∞,-1] ∪ [1,∞)
14) sec-1(sec(θ)) = θ , θ ∈ [ 0 , π] – { π/2 }
15) sec(sec-1(x)) = x , x ∈ ( -∞ , -1 ] ∪ [ 1 , ∞ )
例子:
- sec(π/3) = 1/2 ⇒ sec-1(1/2) = π/3
- sec-1(sec(π/3)) = π/3
- sec(sec-1(1/2)) = 1/2
设置6:cosec的属性
16) cosec(θ) = x ⇔ cosec-1(x) = θ , θ ∈ [ -π/2 , π/2 ] – { 0 } , x ∈ ( -∞ , -1 ] ∪ [ 1,∞ )
17) cosec-1(cosec(θ)) = θ , θ ∈[ -π/2 , π ] – { 0 }
18) cosec(cosec-1(x)) = x , x ∈ ( -∞,-1 ] ∪ [ 1,∞ )
例子:
- cosec(π/6) = 2 ⇒ cosec-1(2) = π/6
- cosec-1(cosec(π/6)) = π/6
- cosec(cosec-1(2)) = 2
集合7:其他反三角公式
19) sin-1(-x) = -sin-1(x) , x ∈ [ -1 , 1 ]
20) cos-1(-x) = π – cos-1(x) , x ∈ [ -1 , 1 ]
21) tan-1(-x) = -tan-1(x) , x ∈ R
22) cot-1(-x) = π – cot-1(x) , x ∈ R
23) sec-1(-x) = π – sec-1(x) , x ∈ ( -∞ , -1 ] ∪ [ 1 , ∞ )
24) cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1(x) , x ∈ ( -∞ , -1 ] ∪ [ 1 , ∞ )
例子:
- sin-1(-1/2) = -sin-1(1/2)
- cos-1(-1/2) = π -cos-1(1/2)
- tan-1(-1) = π -tan-1(1)
- cot-1(-1) = -cot-1(1)
- sec-1(-2) = π -sec-1(2)
- cosec-1(-2) = -cosec-1(x)
集合8:两个三角函数的和
25) sin-1(x) + cos-1(x) = π/2 , x ∈ [ -1 , 1 ]
26) tan-1(x) + cot-1(x) = π/2 , x ∈ R
27) sec-1(x) + cosec-1(x) = π/2 , x ∈ ( -∞ , -1 ] ∪ [ 1 , ∞ )
证明:
sin-1(x) + cos-1(x) = π/2 , x ∈ [ -1 , 1 ]
let sin-1(x) = y
now,
x = sin y = cos((π/2) − y)
⇒ cos-1(x) = (π/2) – y = (π/2) −sin-1(x)
so, sin-1(x) + cos-1(x) = π/2
tan-1(x) + cot-1(x) = π/2 , x ∈ R
Let tan-1(x) = y
now, cot(π/2 − y) = x
⇒ cot-1(x) = (π/2 − y)
tan-1(x) + cot-1(x) = y + π/2 − y
so, tan-1(x) + cot-1(x) = π/2
同样,我们也可以证明arcsec和arccosec之和的定理。
设置9:三角函数的转换
28) sin-1(1/x) = cosec-1(x) , x≥1 or x≤−1
29) cos-1(1/x) = sec-1(x) , x ≥ 1 or x ≤ −1
30) tan-1(1/x) = −π + cot-1(x)
证明:
sin-1(1/x) = cosec-1(x) , x ≥ 1 or x ≤ −1
let, x = cosec(y)
1/x = sin(y)
⇒ sin-1(1/x) = y
⇒ sin-1(1/x) = cosec-1(x)
同样,我们也可以证明arccos和arctan定理。
例子:
sin-1(1/2) = cosec-1(2)