先决条件 – 网络拓扑类型
1. 环形拓扑：
在环形拓扑中，存在环形数据路径。每个设备都连接到网络中的另外两个设备。数据从发送方传输到接收方，通过将数据从一个设备传递到另一个设备，直到到达接收方设备。如果有任何连接坏了然后整个网络崩溃，因为它们是顺序连接的。这种拓扑结构主要用于连接局域网或广域网。
2. 总线拓扑：
总线拓扑是一种网络拓扑，其中所有设备都连接在一根电缆上，称为网络的骨干。它在电缆的每一端都有一个终结器。网线负责之间的通信设备，当数据到达电缆末端时，它会被数据线的终结器移除。当设备以线性方式连接时，这是最简单的网络拓扑。
环形拓扑和总线拓扑的区别：
| S.NO. | Ring Topology | Bus Topology |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | In Ring topology each device is connected to two other devices in a circular fashion. | Bus topology is a topology where each device is connected to a single cable which is known as the backbone. |
| 2. | In Ring topology data is sent through the devices from sender to receiver device.. | In Bus topology data is sent directly from sender to receiver device.. |
| 3. | Ring topology has lower implementation cost than bus topology. | The implementation cost of Bus topology is higher than Ring topology |
| 4. | Ring topology is less reliable as failure of one device affects whole network. | Bus topology is more reliable than Ring topology |
| 5. | Tracking fault is easy in Ring topology than Bus topology. | It is difficult to find fault in Bus topology. |
| 6. | Addition of new device is difficult in Ring topology than Bus topology. | In Bus topology new device is added very easily. |
| 7. | The access speed is less than Bus topology because of sequential access. | Access speed is fast in comparison of Ring topology |
| 8. | Ring topology do not contains any terminators. | Bus topology has terminators at both ends. |