什么是混合物？ –定义，类型，属性，示例
在我们的日常生活中，我们发现许多产品都标有纯净标签。你会在牛奶、黄油、酥油等包装上注意到它。纯这个词对我们意味着什么？对于普通人来说，任何没有掺杂或任何外来物质的东西都可以称为纯净，但从科学的角度来看，这是不正确的。在科学中，任何仅由单一元素组成的东西都被称为纯净物。因此，对于科学来说，即使一包牛奶被贴上纯净的标签，但事实并非如此。它对科学来说不是纯粹的，但它被认为是一种混合物。让我们更深入地了解混合物和各种类型的混合物。
什么是混合物？
Mixtures are substances that are made up of two or more different types of substances. Physical means can be used to separate them. A solution of salt and water, a combination of sugar and water, various gases, air, and so on are examples. The different components of any combination do not unite through any chemical changes. As a result, the components retain their distinct characteristics.
此外，与化合物不同的是，混合物中的成分不会化学结合产生新材料。相反，它们只是混合并保持其原始特征。因为成分没有固定数量，所以上面显示的柠檬水是一种组合。它可能用或多或少的柠檬汁制成，或用或多或少的糖制成，但仍被称为柠檬水。
混合物的一些重要性质是：
- 混合物中的所有成分或物质都保留其原有的物理性质。
- 可以使用一些技术将混合物物理分离成其成分
- 混合物中的成分可能有也可能没有固定比例，并且数量可能不同。
Common Examples of mixtures are:
- Sugar and water,
- Salt and water,
- Air ( mixture of gases),
- Salt and sugar,
- Sand and water,
- Oil and water, etc.
混合物的类型
混合物可大致分为两大类。这些都是
- 均质混合物
- 异质混合物
均质和异质混合物中组分的分布。
均质混合物
Homo means sane. The mixtures in which the components have a uniform distribution throughout the mixture are known as homogeneous mixtures. For example, salt and water is homogeneous mixture as the taste of the water will be the same if you take a sip from any portion of water. This shows that salt is uniformly distributed in the mixture.
e.g. Salt and water, Sugar and water, Alcohol and water, etc.
均质混合物的性质：
- 它们在整个混合物中具有均匀的成分分布。
- 离心力不能用于分离组件。
- 均质混合物不表现出廷德尔效应，即当光束入射到混合物上时介质中的粒子对光的散射。由于光束的散射，光的路径变得可见。
- 粒径<1nm。
- 所有的溶液都是均匀的混合物。
异质混合物
Hetero means different. The mixtures in which the components do not have a uniform distribution throughout the mixture which means in which the components are unevenly distributed are said to be heterogeneous mixtures. For example, sand and water is an example of the heterogeneous mixture as sand does not distribute uniformly in water. e.g. Sand and water, Sugar and salt, Ice in water, etc.
异质混合物的性质：
- 异质混合物的成分在整个混合物中分布不均匀
- 您可以通过查看混合物来绘制组件之间的边界。
- 粒径范围在 1nm 到 1μm 之间。
- 它们可以表现出廷德尔效应。
溶液可以根据粒度进一步分为三种类型。这些如下：
- 解决方案：这些是一种均质混合物。溶液中的粒径小于 1nm。不能使用离心或倾析将溶液分离成它们的组分。例如：空气、糖和水、盐和水等。
- 胶体：胶体的粒径为 1 纳米至 1 微米。它们本质上是异质的，不同的成分只能在显微镜下看到，而肉眼看不到。示例：雾、烟等。
- 悬浮液：悬浮液的粒径大于 1 微米。悬架中的组件处于连续的之字形运动，称为布朗运动。悬浮液中的稳定剂负责将颗粒彼此隔离。在没有稳定剂的情况下，悬浮液会自行分离成其成分。例如：牛奶、奶油、黄油等。
示例问题
问题 1：均质混合物是什么意思？
回答：
Homogeneous mixtures are those mixtures in which the substances are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. Example: Sugar and water, salt and water, etc.
问题2：什么是异质混合物？
回答：
Heterogeneous mixtures are those mixtures in which there is no uniform distribution of substances. All the substances are unevenly distributed in the mixture. Concentration of a substance may be high or low at certain points in the mixture. Example: Sand and water, Salt and sand, etc.
问题 3：说明均质和异质混合物之间的任何两个区别。
回答：
The following are the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures:Homogeneous Heterogeneous Substances are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. Substances are unevenly distributed throughout the mixture. They do not exhibit Tyndall effect. They exhibit Tyndall effect only in case of colloids.
问题 4：解释廷德尔效应。
回答：
Tyndall Effect refers to the scattering of light by the particles of a medium when a beam of light is incident on it. As a result of scattering the path of light becomes visible.
问题 5：溶液、胶体和悬浮液的粒径是多少？
回答：
The particle size for solutions, colloids and suspensions is as follows:
- Solutions: <1 nm
- Colloids: 1 nm to 1 μm
- Suspensions: >1 μm
问题 6：什么是布朗运动？
回答：
Brownian Motion is the random movement of the particles suspended in a suspension. It is the continuous and random zig-zag movement of the particles in the medium.
问题 7：纯物质的正确定义是什么？
回答：
Pure substance is the one which is composed of particles of only one element or compound. Example: Sugar, Salt, etc.