📜  ASP.NET-服务器控件

📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-21 05:42:05             🧑  作者: Mango


控件是图形用户界面的小组成部分,其中包括文本框,按钮,复选框,列表框,标签和许多其他工具。使用这些工具,用户可以输入数据,进行选择并指出他们的偏好。

控件还用于结构化作业,例如验证,数据访问,安全性,创建母版页和数据操纵。

ASP.NET使用五种类型的Web控件,它们是:

  • HTML控件
  • HTML Server控件
  • ASP.NET Server控件
  • ASP.NET Ajax服务器控件
  • 用户控件和自定义控件

ASP.NET服务器控件是ASP.NET中使用的主要控件。这些控件可以分为以下几类:

  • 验证控件-用于验证用户输入,它们通过运行客户端脚本起作用。

  • 数据源控件-这些控件可将数据绑定到不同的数据源。

  • 数据视图控件-这些是各种列表和表,可以绑定到数据源中的数据以进行显示。

  • 个性化控件-用于根据用户信息根据用户首选项对页面进行个性化设置。

  • 登录和安全控件-这些控件提供用户身份验证。

  • 母版页-这些控件在整个应用程序中提供一致的布局和界面。

  • 导航控件-这些控件有助于导航。例如,菜单,树状视图等。

  • 丰富的控件-这些控件实现特殊功能。例如,AdRotator,FileUpload和Calendar控件。

使用服务器控件的语法为:


此外,Visual Studio具有以下功能,以帮助产生无错误的编码:

  • 在设计视图中拖放控件
  • 显示并自动完成属性的IntelliSense功能
  • 在属性窗口中直接设置属性值

服务器控件的属性

具有视觉外观的ASP.NET服务器控件派生自WebControl类,并继承该类的所有属性,事件和方法。

WebControl类本身和某些其他视觉上无法呈现的服务器控件是从System.Web.UI.Control类派生的。例如,PlaceHolder控件或XML控件。

ASP.Net服务器控件继承了WebControl和System.Web.UI.Control类的所有属性,事件和方法。

下表显示了所有服务器控件共有的继承属性:

Property Description
AccessKey Pressing this key with the Alt key moves focus to the control.
Attributes It is the collection of arbitrary attributes (for rendering only) that do not correspond to properties on the control.
BackColor Background color.
BindingContainer The control that contains this control’s data binding.
BorderColor Border color.
BorderStyle Border style.
BorderWidth Border width.
CausesValidation Indicates if it causes validation.
ChildControlCreated It indicates whether the server control’s child controls have been created.
ClientID Control ID for HTML markup.
Context The HttpContext object associated with the server control.
Controls Collection of all controls contained within the control.
ControlStyle The style of the Web server control.
CssClass CSS class
DataItemContainer Gets a reference to the naming container if the naming container implements IDataItemContainer.
DataKeysContainer Gets a reference to the naming container if the naming container implements IDataKeysControl.
DesignMode It indicates whether the control is being used on a design surface.
DisabledCssClass Gets or sets the CSS class to apply to the rendered HTML element when the control is disabled.
Enabled Indicates whether the control is grayed out.
EnableTheming Indicates whether theming applies to the control.
EnableViewState Indicates whether the view state of the control is maintained.
Events Gets a list of event handler delegates for the control.
Font Font.
Forecolor Foreground color.
HasAttributes Indicates whether the control has attributes set.
HasChildViewState Indicates whether the current server control’s child controls have any saved view-state settings.
Height Height in pixels or %.
ID Identifier for the control.
IsChildControlStateCleared Indicates whether controls contained within this control have control state.
IsEnabled Gets a value indicating whether the control is enabled.
IsTrackingViewState It indicates whether the server control is saving changes to its view state.
IsViewStateEnabled It indicates whether view state is enabled for this control.
LoadViewStateById It indicates whether the control participates in loading its view state by ID instead of index.
Page Page containing the control.
Parent Parent control.
RenderingCompatibility It specifies the ASP.NET version that the rendered HTML will be compatible with.
Site The container that hosts the current control when rendered on a design surface.
SkinID Gets or sets the skin to apply to the control.
Style Gets a collection of text attributes that will be rendered as a style attribute on the outer tag of the Web server control.
TabIndex Gets or sets the tab index of the Web server control.
TagKey Gets the HtmlTextWriterTag value that corresponds to this Web server control.
TagName Gets the name of the control tag.
TemplateControl The template that contains this control.
TemplateSourceDirectory Gets the virtual directory of the page or control containing this control.
ToolTip Gets or sets the text displayed when the mouse pointer hovers over the web server control.
UniqueID Unique identifier.
ViewState Gets a dictionary of state information that saves and restores the view state of a server control across multiple requests for the same page.
ViewStateIgnoreCase It indicates whether the StateBag object is case-insensitive.
ViewStateMode Gets or sets the view-state mode of this control.
Visible It indicates whether a server control is visible.
Width Gets or sets the width of the Web server control.

服务器控件的方法

下表提供了服务器控件的方法:

Method Description
AddAttributesToRender Adds HTML attributes and styles that need to be rendered to the specified HtmlTextWriterTag.
AddedControl Called after a child control is added to the Controls collection of the control object.
AddParsedSubObject Notifies the server control that an element, either XML or HTML, was parsed, and adds the element to the server control’s control collection.
ApplyStyleSheetSkin Applies the style properties defined in the page style sheet to the control.
ClearCachedClientID Infrastructure. Sets the cached ClientID value to null.
ClearChildControlState Deletes the control-state information for the server control’s child controls.
ClearChildState Deletes the view-state and control-state information for all the server control’s child controls.
ClearChildViewState Deletes the view-state information for all the server control’s child controls.
CreateChildControls Used in creating child controls.
CreateControlCollection Creates a new ControlCollection object to hold the child controls.
CreateControlStyle Creates the style object that is used to implement all style related properties.
DataBind Binds a data source to the server control and all its child controls.
DataBind(Boolean) Binds a data source to the server control and all its child controls with an option to raise the DataBinding event.
DataBindChildren Binds a data source to the server control’s child controls.
Dispose Enables a server control to perform final clean up before it is released from memory.
EnsureChildControls Determines whether the server control contains child controls. If it does not, it creates child controls.
EnsureID Creates an identifier for controls that do not have an identifier.
Equals(Object) Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.
Finalize Allows an object to attempt to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the object is reclaimed by garbage collection.
FindControl(String) Searches the current naming container for a server control with the specified id parameter.
FindControl(String, Int32) Searches the current naming container for a server control with the specified id and an integer.
Focus Sets input focus to a control.
GetDesignModeState Gets design-time data for a control.
GetType Gets the type of the current instance.
GetUniqueIDRelativeTo Returns the prefixed portion of the UniqueID property of the specified control.
HasControls Determines if the server control contains any child controls.
HasEvents Indicates whether events are registered for the control or any child controls.
IsLiteralContent Determines if the server control holds only literal content.
LoadControlState Restores control-state information.
LoadViewState Restores view-state information.
MapPathSecure Retrieves the physical path that a virtual path, either absolute or relative, maps to.
MemberwiseClone Creates a shallow copy of the current object.
MergeStyle Copies any nonblank elements of the specified style to the web control, but does not overwrite any existing style elements of the control.
OnBubbleEvent Determines whether the event for the server control is passed up the page’s UI server control hierarchy.
OnDataBinding Raises the data binding event.
OnInit Raises the Init event.
OnLoad Raises the Load event.
OnPreRender Raises the PreRender event.
OnUnload Raises the Unload event.
OpenFile Gets a Stream used to read a file.
RemovedControl Called after a child control is removed from the controls collection of the control object.
Render Renders the control to the specified HTML writer.
RenderBeginTag Renders the HTML opening tag of the control to the specified writer.
RenderChildren Outputs the contents of a server control’s children to a provided HtmlTextWriter object, which writes the contents to be rendered on the client.
RenderContents Renders the contents of the control to the specified writer.
RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter) Outputs server control content to a provided HtmlTextWriter object and stores tracing information about the control if tracing is enabled.
RenderEndTag Renders the HTML closing tag of the control into the specified writer.
ResolveAdapter Gets the control adapter responsible for rendering the specified control.
SaveControlState Saves any server control state changes that have occurred since the time the page was posted back to the server.
SaveViewState Saves any state that was modified after the TrackViewState method was invoked.
SetDesignModeState Sets design-time data for a control.
ToString Returns a string that represents the current object.
TrackViewState Causes the control to track changes to its view state so that they can be stored in the object’s view state property.

让我们看一下特定的服务器控件-树视图控件。树形视图控件位于导航控件下。其他导航控件是:菜单控件和SiteMapPath控件。

在页面上添加树视图控件。从任务中选择“编辑节点…”。使用Tree View节点编辑器编辑每个节点,如下所示:

ASP.NET编辑节点

创建节点后,在设计视图中将如下所示:

ASP.NET编辑节点2

AutoFormat …任务允许您格式化树形视图,如下所示:

ASP.NET自动套用格式

在页面上添加标签控件和文本框控件,并将它们分别命名为lblmessage和txtmessage。

编写几行代码,以确保在选择特定节点时,标签控件显示节点文本,文本框显示其下的所有子节点(如果有)。文件后面的代码应如下所示:

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;

using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;

using System.Xml.Linq;
 
namespace eventdemo {
   public partial class treeviewdemo : System.Web.UI.Page {
   
      protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { 
         txtmessage.Text = " "; 
      }
      
      protected void TreeView1_SelectedNodeChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) {
      
         txtmessage.Text = " "; 
         lblmessage.Text = "Selected node changed to: " + TreeView1.SelectedNode.Text;
         TreeNodeCollection childnodes = TreeView1.SelectedNode.ChildNodes;
         
         if(childnodes != null) {
            txtmessage.Text = " ";
            
            foreach (TreeNode t in childnodes) {
               txtmessage.Text += t.Value;
            }
         }
      }
   }
}

执行页面以查看效果。您将能够展开和折叠节点。

ASP.NET控制节点