用Python生成任意形状的词云

在本文中，我们将讨论如何在Python创建任何形状的词云。

术语词云是指一种用于显示文本数据的数据可视化技术，其中每个单词的大小表示其频率或相关性。要创建任何形状的词云，请使用 Python 的 Matplotlib、wordcloud、NumPy 和 PIL 包。

分步实施

让我们来看看分步实施——

第 1 步：安装以下模块，如下所示-

pip install matplotlib
pip install wordcloud 

第 2 步：导入以下模块，如下所示-

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from wordcloud import WordCloud, STOPWORDS
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image

第 3 步：按照以下步骤操作-

• 提供您要使用的文本文件的完整路径。
• 在读取模式下，打开文本文件。
• 最后，编码并读取它。
• 在本文中将使用以下文本文件 - 文本

text = open(r'C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\Wordcloud\Text.txt',
            mode='r', encoding='utf-8').read()

第 4 步：按照以下步骤操作-

• 给出我们将用来使输出具有相同形状的整个图像路径。
• 然后，使用 image.open函数，打开图像。
• 之后，使用 NumPy 创建图像的数组。
• 下图将用于本文中所需的形状

mask = np.array(Image.open(r'C:\Users\Dell|Downloads\Garbage\GFG.png'))

步骤5：通过集成停用词、掩码、背景颜色、最大单词数创建词云 在 wordcloud 中，遮罩的高度和遮罩的宽度。

• 停用词-用于避免不必要的字符，例如- './-[{)*&^%~@!#%^&]。
• mask- Mask 是我们将 wordcloud 转换成的形状。
• background_color-我们可以使用任何我们喜欢的背景颜色，比如黑色、绿色等等。
• max_words - 词云可以包含的最大单词数。
• max_font-最大字体大小。
• wordcloud的宽高用Width和Height表示。

wc = WordCloud(stopwords = STOPWORDS,
               mask = mask, background_color = "white",
               max_words = 2000, max_font_size = 500,
               random_state = 42, width = mask.shape[1],
               height = mask.shape[0])

第 6 步：

• 现在，使用 generate函数，我们将从提供的文本创建一个 wordcloud。
• 要显示图像数据，请使用 imshow函数。
• 我们将尝试关闭 x 和 y 轴。
• 最后，我们将使用 matplotlib 中定义的 show函数显示生成的 wordcloud。

wc.generate(text)
plt.imshow(wc, interpolation="None")
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

下面是完整的实现。

Python3

# Python3 program to implement 
# the above approach
# Import the following modules
  
# pip install matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
  
# pip install wordcloud
from wordcloud import WordCloud, STOPWORDS  
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
  
# Give the whole path of the text file, 
# open it, read it, and encode it.
text = open(r'C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\Wordcloud\Text.txt',
            mode = 'r', encoding = 'utf-8').read() 
  
# The Image shape in which you wanna convert it to.
mask = np.array(Image.open(
                r'C:\Users\Dell\Downloads\Garbage\GFG.png'))
  
# Now inside the WordCloud, provide some functions:
# stopwords - For stopping the unuseful words 
# like [,?/\"]
# font_path - provide the font path to which you 
# wanna convert it to.
# max_words - Maximum number of words in the
# output image. Also provide height and width 
# of the mask
wc = WordCloud(stopwords = STOPWORDS,
               mask = mask, 
               background_color = "white",
               max_words = 2000,
               max_font_size = 500,
               random_state = 42, 
               width = mask.shape[1],
               height = mask.shape[0])
  
# Finally generate the wordcloud of the given text
wc.generate(text)  
plt.imshow(wc, interpolation = "None")
  
# Off the x and y axis
plt.axis('off')
  
# Now show the output cloud
plt.show()

输出：

更改字体大小

请按照以下步骤更改词云中单词的字体大小-

• 首先，从此集合中选择一种字体。
• 下载字体文件 - 您会看到它是 .zip 格式。
• 打开 zip 文件并从中提取 ttf 或 otf 文件。
• 现在只需提供 ttf 或 otf 文件的完整路径。

path = r'C:\Users\Dell\Downloads\Garbage\Candy Beans.otf'

完整代码：

蟒蛇3

# Python3 program to implement
# the above approach
# Import the following modules
  
# pip install matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
  
# pip install wordcloud
from wordcloud import WordCloud, STOPWORDS  
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
  
# Give the whole path of the text file, 
# open it, read it, and encode it.
text = open(r'C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\Wordcloud\Text.txt',
            mode = 'r', encoding = 'utf-8').read()  
  
# For changing the fonts of wordcloud fonts
path = r'C:\Users\Dell\Downloads\Garbage\Candy Beans.otf'
  
# The Image shape in which you wanna convert it to.
mask = np.array(Image.open(
                r'C:\Users\Dell\Downloads\Garbage\GFG.png'))
  
# Now inside the WordCloud, provide some functions:
# stopwords - For stopping the unuseful words 
# like [,?/\"]
# font_path - provide the font path to which
# you wanna convert it to.
# max_words - Maximum number of words in
# the output image.
# Also provide height and width of the mask
wc = WordCloud(stopwords = STOPWORDS, 
               font_path = path,
               mask = mask, 
               background_color = "white",
               max_words = 2000, 
               max_font_size = 500,
               random_state = 42, 
               width = mask.shape[1],
               height = mask.shape[0])
  
# Finally generate the wordcloud of the given text
wc.generate(text)  
plt.imshow(wc, interpolation = "None")
  
# Off the x and y axis
plt.axis('off')  
  
# Now show the output cloud
plt.show()

输出：

更改字体颜色

按照以下步骤更改词云中文本的字体颜色-

• 创建一个函数来更改字体颜色。
• 因为每种颜色的HSL都是唯一的，直接通过HSL返回即可。

完整代码：

蟒蛇3

# Python3 program to implement
# the above approach
# Import the following modules
  
# pip install matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
  
# pip install wordcloud
from wordcloud import WordCloud, STOPWORDS  
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
  
# Function for changing the color of the text
def one_color_func(word = None, font_size = None, 
                   position = None, orientation = None, 
                   font_path = None, random_state = None):
    
   # This HSL is for the green color
    h = 99 
    s = 62
    l = 45
    return "hsl({}, {}%, {}%)".format(h, s, l)
  
# Give the whole path of the text file, 
# open it, read it, and encode it.
text = open(r'C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\Text.txt',
            mode = 'r', encoding = 'utf-8').read()  
  
# For changing the fonts of wordcloud fonts
path = r'C:\Users\Dell\Downloads\Garbage\Candy Beans.otf'
  
# The Image shape in which you wanna convert it to.
mask = np.array(Image.open(
                r'C:\Users\Dell\Downloads\Garbage\GFG!.png'))
  
# Now inside the WordCloud, provide some functions:
# stopwords - For stopping the unuseful words 
# like [,?/\"]
# font_path - provide the font path to which
# you wanna convert it to.
# max_words - Maximum number of words in 
# the output image.
# Also provide height and width of the mask
wc = WordCloud(stopwords = STOPWORDS, 
               font_path = path,
               mask = mask, 
               background_color = "white",
               max_words = 2000, 
               max_font_size = 500,
               random_state = 42, 
               width = mask.shape[1],
               height = mask.shape[0], 
               color_func = one_color_func)
  
# Finally generate the wordcloud of 
# the given text
wc.generate(text)  
plt.imshow(wc, interpolation = "None")
  
# Off the x and y axis
plt.axis('off')
  
# Now show the output cloud
plt.show()

输出：