📜  C++中的STL绳索

📅  最后修改于: 2021-04-17 12:40:11             🧑  作者: Mango

绳索是可伸缩的字符串实现。它们专为涉及整个字符串的高效操作而设计。赋值,串联和子字符串之类的操作所花费的时间几乎与字符串的长度无关。

绳子是一棵二叉树,其中每个叶子(末端节点)都包含一个字符串和一个长度(也称为“权重”),而树的每个节点都包含其左子树中所有叶子的长度之和。 。因此,具有两个子节点的节点将整个字符串分为两部分:左子树存储字符串的第一部分,右子树存储字符串的第二部分,节点的权重是第一部分的长度。

对于绳索操作,在典型的非破坏性情况下,假定存储在节点中的字符串是恒定不变的对象,从而允许某些写时复制行为。叶子节点通常被实现为基本的定长字符串,并在不再需要时附加了用于释放的引用计数,尽管也可以使用其他垃圾回收方法。

注意:绳索类和绳索头是SGI扩展;它们不是C++标准库的一部分。

宣言:
绳索的定义方式与向量的定义相同,即“ vector 。但是对于字符绳,我们可以将crope用作“ rope

以下是相同的程序:

程序1:

C++
// C++ program to illustrate the use
// of ropes using Rope header file
#include 
#include 
  
// SGI extension
using namespace __gnu_cxx;
  
using namespace std;
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // rope r = "abcdef"
    crope r = "abcdef";
  
    cout << r << "\n";
  
    return 0;
}


C++
// C++ program to illustrate the use
// of ropes using Rope header file
#include 
#include 
  
// SGI extension
using namespace __gnu_cxx;
using namespace std;
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // rope r = "abcdef"
    crope r = "geeksforgeeks";
  
    cout << "Initial rope: "
         << r << endl;
  
    // 'g' is added at the
    // end of the rope
    r.push_back('g');
    r.push_back('f');
    r.push_back('g');
  
    cout << "Rope after pushing f: "
         << r << endl;
  
    int pos = 2;
  
    // gfg will be inserted
    // before position 2
    r.insert(pos - 1, "gfg");
  
    cout << "Rope after inserting "
         << "gfg at positon 2: " << r
         << endl;
  
    // gfg will be deleted
    r.erase(pos - 1, 3);
  
    cout << "Rope after removing gfg"
         << " inserted just before: "
         << r << endl;
  
    // Replace "ee" with "00"
    r.replace(pos - 1, 2, "00");
  
    cout << "Rope after replacing "
         << "characters: " << r
         << endl;
  
    // Slice the rope
    crope r1 = r.substr(pos - 1, 2);
  
    cout << "Subrope at position 2: "
         << r << endl;
  
    // Removes the last element
    r.pop_back();
    r.pop_back();
    r.pop_back();
  
    cout << "Final rope after poping"
         << " out 3 elements: " << r;
  
    return 0;
}


C++
// C++ program to illustrate the use
// of ropes using Rope header file
#include 
#include 
  
// SGI extension
using namespace __gnu_cxx;
using namespace std;
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // rope r = "abcdef"
    crope r = "abcdef";
  
    cout << r.size() << endl;
    cout << r.max_size() << endl;
    return 0;
}


C++
// C++ program to illustrate the use
// of ropes using Rope header file
#include 
#include 
  
// SGI extension
using namespace __gnu_cxx;
using namespace std;
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // rope r = "abcdef"
    crope r = "abcdef";
  
    rope::iterator it;
    for (it = r.mutable_begin();
         it != r.mutable_end(); it++) {
  
        // Print the value
        cout << char((*it) + 2)
             << "";
    }
  
    return 0;
}


输出:
abcdef

绳索上允许的操作

  • push_back():此函数用于在绳索的末尾输入字符。时间复杂度: O(log N)。
  • pop_back():从C++ 11(用于字符串)引入,此函数用于删除绳索中的最后一个字符。时间复杂度: O(log N)。
  • insert(int x,crope r1):在第x元素之前插入r1的内容。时间复杂度:最佳情况下: O(log N),最坏情况下: O(N)。
  • delete(int x,int l):擦除l个元素,从第x元素开始。时间复杂度: O(log N)。
  • substr(int x,int l):返回一条新的绳索,其元素是从x位置开始的l个字符。时间复杂度: O(log N)。
  • replace(int x,int l,crope r1):将第x元素开头的l个元素替换为r1中的元素。时间复杂度: O(log N)。
  • concatenate(+):使用’+’符号连接两条绳索。时间复杂度: O(1)。

以下是相同的程序:

程式2:

C++

// C++ program to illustrate the use
// of ropes using Rope header file
#include 
#include 
  
// SGI extension
using namespace __gnu_cxx;
using namespace std;
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // rope r = "abcdef"
    crope r = "geeksforgeeks";
  
    cout << "Initial rope: "
         << r << endl;
  
    // 'g' is added at the
    // end of the rope
    r.push_back('g');
    r.push_back('f');
    r.push_back('g');
  
    cout << "Rope after pushing f: "
         << r << endl;
  
    int pos = 2;
  
    // gfg will be inserted
    // before position 2
    r.insert(pos - 1, "gfg");
  
    cout << "Rope after inserting "
         << "gfg at positon 2: " << r
         << endl;
  
    // gfg will be deleted
    r.erase(pos - 1, 3);
  
    cout << "Rope after removing gfg"
         << " inserted just before: "
         << r << endl;
  
    // Replace "ee" with "00"
    r.replace(pos - 1, 2, "00");
  
    cout << "Rope after replacing "
         << "characters: " << r
         << endl;
  
    // Slice the rope
    crope r1 = r.substr(pos - 1, 2);
  
    cout << "Subrope at position 2: "
         << r << endl;
  
    // Removes the last element
    r.pop_back();
    r.pop_back();
    r.pop_back();
  
    cout << "Final rope after poping"
         << " out 3 elements: " << r;
  
    return 0;
}
输出:
Initial rope: geeksforgeeks
Rope after pushing f: geeksforgeeksgfg
Rope after inserting gfg at positon 2: ggfgeeksforgeeksgfg
Rope after removing gfg inserted just before: geeksforgeeksgfg
Rope after replacing characters: g00ksforgeeksgfg
Subrope at position 2: g00ksforgeeksgfg
Final rope after poping out 3 elements: g00ksforgeeks

容量功能

  • size():返回绳索的长度。
  • max_size():最长的绳索的尺寸保证可以表示。

以下是相同的程序:

程序3:

C++

// C++ program to illustrate the use
// of ropes using Rope header file
#include 
#include 
  
// SGI extension
using namespace __gnu_cxx;
using namespace std;
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // rope r = "abcdef"
    crope r = "abcdef";
  
    cout << r.size() << endl;
    cout << r.max_size() << endl;
    return 0;
}
输出:
6
1836311902

迭代器

  • mutable_begin():返回指向绳索起点的迭代器。
  • mutable_end():返回指向绳索末端的迭代器。

以下是相同的程序:

计划4:

C++

// C++ program to illustrate the use
// of ropes using Rope header file
#include 
#include 
  
// SGI extension
using namespace __gnu_cxx;
using namespace std;
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // rope r = "abcdef"
    crope r = "abcdef";
  
    rope::iterator it;
    for (it = r.mutable_begin();
         it != r.mutable_end(); it++) {
  
        // Print the value
        cout << char((*it) + 2)
             << "";
    }
  
    return 0;
}
输出:
cdefgh