如何找到相交线?
几何是处理点、线、角和图形的数学分支。换句话说,几何学是对图形的研究,以及与它们相关的量,例如它们的尺寸和尺寸。图形和角度由线组成,而线又由许多点组成。在几何中,直线可以大致分为相交线和平行线
相交线
相互交叉的线,即它们之间有一个共同交点的线称为相交线,这里相交线的共同点称为交点。或者我们可以说,当两条或多条彼此共面并在一个公共点相交的线时,这种类型的线被称为相交线。这里要注意的重要一点是,相交线仅在一个点相交,如果这些线在多个点相交,则它们不符合称为相交线的条件,而是属于曲线的类别。
相交线的特点:
- 相交线恰好在一个点交叉/相遇。
- 相交线可以以零到八十度之间的任何可能角度相互交叉。
- 当两条线相交时,在相交点处形成一对垂直对角。
垂直线是一种特殊类型的相交线,在它们的交汇点上形成 90 度角。在这里,两条线:Line1 和 Line2 相交于九十度。
你如何找到相交的线?
解决方案:
Let us considered two lines p1 and p2 and now we find the point of intersection.
The equation of lines are
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
Now let us assume that the point of intersection is (x0, y0)
So,
a1x0 + b1y0 + c1 = 0
a2x0 + b2y0 + c2 = 0
Using the Cramer’s rule we get,
x0/(b1c2 – b2c1) = -y0/(a1c2 – a2c1) = 1/(a1b2 – a2b1)
Hence the point of intersection is
(x0, y0) = (b1c2 – b2c1/a1b2 – aq2b1, c1a2 – c2a1/a1b2 – a2b1)
So this is how we can find the intersecting lines
Angle of Intersection
Now we find the angle of intersection. So, the equation of the two lines in the slop intercept form are:
y = (-a1/b1)x + (c1/b1) = m1x + C1
y = (-a2/b2)x + (c2/b2) = m2x + C2
So,
tan θ = tan(θ2 – θ1) = tanθ2 – tanθ1/1 + tanθ1tanθ2 = m2 – m1/1 + m1m2
例子:
Given lines: y = 4x + 8 and y = 3x + 9
At the point of intersection both the lines have same point of intersection so
4x + 8 = 3x + 9
4x -3x = 9 – 8
x = 1
Now put the value of x in any of the above equation we get
y = 4 + 8
y = 12
So the intersection point is (1, 12)
示例问题
问题 1. 两条线在两个点相交。它们可以称为相交线吗?
解决方案:
No, the lines can’t be called intersecting lines as they don’t follow the criteria of intersecting lines of meeting at exactly one point.
问题 2. 用图表描绘两条线的交点。
解决方案:
Intersecting lines can be depicted as follows:
问题 3. 给定两条无限延伸的线总是有相同的距离,甚至没有一个共同点。这样的线有资格被称为相交线吗?
解决方案:
No, such lines don’t satisfy the criteria of intersecting lines, instead of above all are the characteristics of parallel lines. So, we can call the above lines parallel instead of intersecting lines.
问题 4. 给定两条直线相交 90 度。这样一对相交的线会叫什么?
解决方案:
The given pair of intersecting lines would be called Perpendicular Lines.