📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:26:27.528000             🧑  作者: Mango
最小围圈问题是一个计算几何问题,给定平面上的一些点,要求找到一个最小的圆,使得所有给定的点都在圆内或圆上。这个问题在计算机视觉、数据挖掘等领域得到了广泛应用,例如在图像处理中可以用来检测目标物体的位置和形状。
韦尔兹算法是求解最小围圈问题的一种常用算法,其时间复杂度为 $O(n)$。该算法的思路是递归地缩小点集合,找出最小圆。
下面是使用 Python 语言实现的代码:
import random
from typing import List, Tuple
def min_circle(points: List[Tuple[float, float]]) -> Tuple[Tuple[float, float], float]:
def recursive_min_circle(points: List[Tuple[float, float]], circumference_points: List[Tuple[float, float]]):
if not points or len(circumference_points) == 3:
cx, cy, r = trivial_min_circle(circumference_points)
return (cx, cy), r
p = points.pop()
circle = recursive_min_circle(points, circumference_points)
if is_point_in_circle(circle, p):
return circle
circumference_points.append(p)
return recursive_min_circle(points, circumference_points)
def trivial_min_circle(points: List[Tuple[float, float]]) -> Tuple[float, float, float]:
if len(points) == 0:
return (0, 0), 0
elif len(points) == 1:
return points[0], 0
elif len(points) == 2:
(x0, y0), (x1, y1) = points
cx, cy = (x0 + x1) / 2, (y0 + y1) / 2
r = ((x0 - cx) ** 2 + (y0 - cy) ** 2) ** 0.5
return (cx, cy), r
else:
x0, y0 = points[0]
x1, y1 = points[1]
x2, y2 = points[2]
p = x1 - x0, y1 - y0
q = x2 - x0, y2 - y0
u = 2 * (p[0] * q[1] - p[1] * q[0])
if u == 0:
return (0, 0), 0
cx = (q[1] * (p[0] ** 2 + p[1] ** 2) - p[1] * (q[0] ** 2 + q[1] ** 2)) / u
cy = (p[0] * (q[0] ** 2 + q[1] ** 2) - q[0] * (p[0] ** 2 + p[1] ** 2)) / u
r = ((x0 - cx) ** 2 + (y0 - cy) ** 2) ** 0.5
return (cx, cy), r
def is_point_in_circle(circle: Tuple[Tuple[float, float], float], point: Tuple[float, float]) -> bool:
(cx, cy), r = circle
x, y = point
return ((x - cx) ** 2 + (y - cy) ** 2) <= r ** 2
random.shuffle(points)
return recursive_min_circle(points, [])