📜  拼图 | 3 次切割将圆形蛋糕切成 8 等份(1)

📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 14:54:38.108000             🧑  作者: Mango

拼图 | 3 次切割将圆形蛋糕切成 8 等份

背景

有一块圆形蛋糕需要被切成8个等份,但是只能使用3次切割。请写出一个算法,完成这个任务。

思路

我们可以使用递归和分治的思想,将蛋糕分成若干个小块,再分别切割,最后合并成8个等份。

具体步骤如下:

  1. 将蛋糕分成4个等份,每个小块的面积应该尽量相等。我们可以将蛋糕切割成2个半径相等的半圆,再将每个半圆按照直径分成2份,得到4个小块。切割方法如下:

step1.png

  1. 将4个小块中的3个小块进行切割,每个小块再次被切成4个等份。这一步需要递归调用上一步的算法,直到小块面积小于1/8。切割方法如下:

step2.png

  1. 将每个小块的缺口部分旋转180度,再按照缺口的位置拼接回去。这一步需要判断每个小块缺口的位置,以保证拼接后蛋糕仍然是圆形。拼接方法如下:

step3.png

代码实现
def cut_cake(cake, cuts):
    if cuts == 0:
        return [cake]
    pieces = []
    if cuts == 1:
        # 切成4个小块
        r = cake.radius
        d = r * 2
        c1 = Circle(cake.x - r, cake.y, r)
        c2 = Circle(cake.x + r, cake.y, r)
        c3 = Circle(cake.x, cake.y - r, r)
        c4 = Circle(cake.x, cake.y + r, r)
        pieces.extend([c1, c2, c3, c4])
    else:
        # 切成4个小块并递归切割
        sub_cakes = cut_cake(cake, cuts - 1)
        for sub_cake in sub_cakes:
            sub_pieces = cut_cake(sub_cake, cuts - 1)
            pieces.extend(sub_pieces)
    # 拼接小块
    result = []
    for i, piece in enumerate(pieces):
        if piece not in result:
            for j, other_piece in enumerate(pieces):
                if i != j and other_piece not in result:
                    if are_adjacent(piece, other_piece):
                        result.append(join_pieces(piece, other_piece))
                        break
            else:
                result.append(piece)
    return result


class Circle(object):

    def __init__(self, x, y, r):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.radius = r


def are_adjacent(c1, c2):
    return ((c1.x - c2.x) ** 2 + (c1.y - c2.y) ** 2) == (c1.radius + c2.radius) ** 2


def join_pieces(c1, c2):
    assert are_adjacent(c1, c2)
    c1_center = (c1.x, c1.y)
    c2_center = (c2.x, c2.y)
    # 计算缺口的位置
    x, y = midpoint(c1_center, c2_center)
    dx = x - c1.x
    dy = y - c1.y
    missing_point = (c1.x + dx, c1.y + dy)
    # 计算拼接后的圆心与半径
    new_center = midpoint(c1_center, c2_center)
    new_radius = int(c1.radius * sin(pi / 4))
    return Circle(*new_center, new_radius)


def midpoint(p1, p2):
    return ((p1[0] + p2[0]) // 2, (p1[1] + p2[1]) // 2)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    cake = Circle(0, 0, 16)
    pieces = cut_cake(cake, 3)
    for i, piece in enumerate(pieces):
        print(f'Piece {i + 1}: ({piece.x}, {piece.y}), {piece.radius}')
总结

本文介绍了如何用递归和分治的思想,使用3次切割将圆形蛋糕切成8个等份。代码实现了切割和拼接的功能,可以用于解决类似的问题。