📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:18:07.620000             🧑  作者: Mango
OpenGL是用于编写可视化和图形应用程序的图形API。它允许程序员使用基本的几何图元(如线,点,三角形)和颜色属性创建复杂的3D模型。
GLUT(OpenGL实用工具库)是一个跨平台的开源库,为OpenGL提供了方便的窗口和事件处理。
在本教程中,我们将使用OpenGL和GLUT绘制一个简单的房屋。我们将使用C++编写代码。
首先,我们需要安装OpenGL和GLUT库。这里我们使用的是freeglut,它是GLUT的一个免费开源替代品。您可以使用以下命令在Ubuntu上安装freeglut:
sudo apt-get install freeglut3 freeglut3-dev
我们需要包含以下头文件:
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
我们需要在main函数中初始化OpenGL窗口:
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(800, 600);
glutCreateWindow("OpenGL:绘制房屋");
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
我们可以使用以下代码绘制立方体:
void draw_cube(float x, float y, float z, float width, float height, float depth)
{
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// 前面
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(x, y, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z);
// 后面
glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(x, y, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z + depth);
// 左侧
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(x, y, z);
glVertex3f(x, y, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z);
// 右侧
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z);
// 顶面
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(x, y, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x, y, z + depth);
// 底面
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z + depth);
glEnd();
}
该函数将立方体绘制到屏幕上。我们需要设定立方体的位置(x,y,z),宽度,高度和深度。
我们可以使用以下代码绘制房屋:
void draw_house()
{
// 前墙
draw_cube(-1.0f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f);
// 后墙
draw_cube(-1.0f, -0.5f, -1.1f, 2.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f);
// 左侧墙
draw_cube(-1.1f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
// 右侧墙
draw_cube(1.0f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
// 屋顶
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(-1.1f, 0.5f, -1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.1f, 0.5f, -1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 1.2f, -1.0f);
glEnd();
}
该函数使用draw_cube函数绘制房屋的前,后,左,右侧墙和屋顶。
我们可以使用以下代码绘制地面:
void draw_ground()
{
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-2.0f, -0.5f, -2.0f);
glVertex3f(2.0f, -0.5f, -2.0f);
glVertex3f(2.0f, -0.5f, 2.0f);
glVertex3f(-2.0f, -0.5f, 2.0f);
glEnd();
}
我们可以使用以下代码将所有可绘制元素整合到一起:
void display()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);
draw_ground();
draw_house();
glFlush();
}
完整代码如下:
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
void draw_cube(float x, float y, float z, float width, float height, float depth)
{
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// 前面
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(x, y, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z);
// 后面
glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(x, y, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z + depth);
// 左侧
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(x, y, z);
glVertex3f(x, y, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z);
// 右侧
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z);
// 顶面
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(x, y, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x, y, z + depth);
// 底面
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z);
glVertex3f(x + width, y + height, z + depth);
glVertex3f(x, y + height, z + depth);
glEnd();
}
void draw_house()
{
// 前墙
draw_cube(-1.0f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f);
// 后墙
draw_cube(-1.0f, -0.5f, -1.1f, 2.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f);
// 左侧墙
draw_cube(-1.1f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
// 右侧墙
draw_cube(1.0f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
// 屋顶
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
glVertex3f(-1.1f, 0.5f, -1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.1f, 0.5f, -1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 1.2f, -1.0f);
glEnd();
}
void draw_ground()
{
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-2.0f, -0.5f, -2.0f);
glVertex3f(2.0f, -0.5f, -2.0f);
glVertex3f(2.0f, -0.5f, 2.0f);
glVertex3f(-2.0f, -0.5f, 2.0f);
glEnd();
}
void display()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);
draw_ground();
draw_house();
glFlush();
}
void init()
{
glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(800, 600);
glutCreateWindow("OpenGL:绘制房屋");
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
在本教程中,我们学习了如何使用OpenGL和GLUT绘制一个简单的房屋。现在您可以自己尝试绘制其他的3D模型,并探索OpenGL的其他功能。