📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:26:45.577000             🧑  作者: Mango
在图论中,路径是一个顶点序列,顶点之间通过边相连。本题目中,我们需要找出从给定的起始顶点 U 到另一个顶点 V 的所有路径中的较小个体权重路径,即路径上各边边权的和最小的路径。
使用 Dijkstra 算法可以找到从起始顶点 U 到所有其他顶点的最短路径。然而,当我们需要找到具有较小个体权重的替代路径时,我们需要对 Dijkstra 算法进行一些修改。
算法流程如下:
最终,如果路径数组 path[] 中存在一条从起始顶点 U 到目标顶点 V 的路径,则该路径即为较小个体权重的替代路径。
import heapq
def dijkstra(graph, start, end):
dist = {node: float('inf') for node in graph}
dist[start] = 0
path = {start: []}
queue = [(0, start, [])]
while queue:
(path_weight, node, path_list) = heapq.heappop(queue)
if node == end:
return path[node] + [node]
if path_weight > dist[node]:
continue
for neighbor, weight in graph[node].items():
new_path = path[node] + [node]
neighbor_weight = path_weight + weight
if neighbor_weight < dist[neighbor]:
dist[neighbor] = neighbor_weight
path[neighbor] = new_path
heapq.heappush(queue, (neighbor_weight, neighbor, new_path))
return []
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <unordered_map>
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef unordered_map<int, unordered_map<int, int>> Graph;
vector<int> dijkstra(const Graph& graph, int start, int end) {
unordered_map<int, int> dist;
unordered_map<int, vector<int>> path;
priority_queue<pii, vector<pii>, greater<pii>> pq;
pq.emplace(0, start);
dist[start] = 0;
path[start] = vector<int>{};
while (!pq.empty()) {
int node = pq.top().second;
int path_weight = pq.top().first;
pq.pop();
if (node == end) {
return path[node];
}
if (path_weight > dist[node]) {
continue;
}
for (auto& [neighbor, weight] : graph.at(node)) {
vector<int> new_path = path[node];
new_path.push_back(node);
int neighbor_weight = path_weight + weight;
if (!dist.count(neighbor) || neighbor_weight < dist[neighbor]) {
dist[neighbor] = neighbor_weight;
path[neighbor] = new_path;
pq.emplace(neighbor_weight, neighbor);
}
}
}
return {};
}
int main() {
Graph graph {{1, {{2, 1}, {3, 2}}}, {2, {{4, 3}, {5, 4}}}, {3, {{5, 2}}}, {4, {{5, 1}}}, {5, {}}};
auto path = dijkstra(graph, 1, 5);
if (path.empty()) {
cout << "No path found from start to end." << endl;
} else {
cout << "The shortest path from start to end is: ";
for (int node : path) {
cout << node << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
本题目需要结合 Dijkstra 算法进行求解。通过优先队列维护已访问节点的最小路径权重,并更新每个节点的最短路径和路径数组,最终得到起始顶点 U 到目标顶点 V 的较小个体权重的替代路径。