📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:11:14.620000             🧑  作者: Mango
在本文中,我们将介绍如何使用C++图形界面库来实现AVL树。AVL树是一种自平衡的二叉搜索树,它可以在插入和删除节点时保持树的平衡,从而保证了查找操作的时间复杂度为O(log n)。
以下是实现AVL树的步骤:
struct AVLNode {
int value;
AVLNode* left;
AVLNode* right;
int balanceFactor;
};
void insertNode(AVLNode*& root, int value) {
if (root == nullptr) {
root = new AVLNode{value, nullptr, nullptr, 0};
} else if (root->value > value) {
insertNode(root->left, value);
root->balanceFactor += (root->left->balanceFactor == 0) ? -1 : 0;
if (root->balanceFactor < -1) {
if (root->left->balanceFactor <= 0) {
rightRotate(root);
} else {
leftRightRotate(root);
}
}
} else if (root->value < value) {
insertNode(root->right, value);
root->balanceFactor += (root->right->balanceFactor == 0) ? 1 : 0;
if (root->balanceFactor > 1) {
if (root->right->balanceFactor >= 0) {
leftRotate(root);
} else {
rightLeftRotate(root);
}
}
}
}
void deleteNode(AVLNode*& root, int value) {
if (root == nullptr) {
return;
} else if (root->value > value) {
deleteNode(root->left, value);
root->balanceFactor += (root->right == nullptr) ? 1 : 0;
if (root->balanceFactor > 1) {
if (root->right->balanceFactor >= 0) {
leftRotate(root);
} else {
rightLeftRotate(root);
}
}
} else if (root->value < value) {
deleteNode(root->right, value);
root->balanceFactor += (root->left == nullptr) ? -1 : 0;
if (root->balanceFactor < -1) {
if (root->left->balanceFactor <= 0) {
rightRotate(root);
} else {
leftRightRotate(root);
}
}
} else {
if (root->left == nullptr && root->right == nullptr) {
delete root;
root = nullptr;
return;
} else if (root->left != nullptr && root->right == nullptr) {
AVLNode* temp = root;
root = root->left;
delete temp;
return;
} else if (root->left == nullptr && root->right != nullptr) {
AVLNode* temp = root;
root = root->right;
delete temp;
return;
} else {
AVLNode* temp = findSuccessor(root->right);
root->value = temp->value;
deleteNode(root->right, temp->value);
root->balanceFactor += (root->left == nullptr) ? -1 : 0;
if (root->balanceFactor < -1) {
if (root->left->balanceFactor <= 0) {
rightRotate(root);
} else {
leftRightRotate(root);
}
}
}
}
}
void leftRotate(AVLNode*& node) {
AVLNode* right = node->right;
node->right = right->left;
right->left = node;
node->balanceFactor -= 1 + max(right->balanceFactor, 0);
right->balanceFactor -= 1 - min(node->balanceFactor, 0);
node = right;
}
void rightRotate(AVLNode*& node) {
AVLNode* left = node->left;
node->left = left->right;
left->right = node;
node->balanceFactor += 1 - min(left->balanceFactor, 0);
left->balanceFactor += 1 + max(node->balanceFactor, 0);
node = left;
}
void leftRightRotate(AVLNode*& node) {
leftRotate(node->left);
rightRotate(node);
}
void rightLeftRotate(AVLNode*& node) {
rightRotate(node->right);
leftRotate(node);
}
AVLNode* findNode(AVLNode* root, int value) {
if (root == nullptr || root->value == value) {
return root;
} else if (root->value > value) {
return findNode(root->left, value);
} else {
return findNode(root->right, value);
}
}
到目前为止,我们已经成功地实现了一个AVL树。在实现过程中,我们需要考虑节点的平衡因子并进行旋转操作,从而保证树的平衡。AVL树是一种比较高效稳定的数据结构,可以用于快速查找和插入节点。如果您对此感兴趣,可以尝试实现其他类型的平衡树!