积分是将特定区域的面积计算为许多小条,然后计算其面积并将其求和的过程。我们知道用于计算某些标准形状的面积的公式,通过积分,我们可以根据给定边界的公式来计算任意区域的面积。有时,在更复杂的场景中,我们需要找到一些曲线的交点之间的区域。因此,我们需要学习如何计算两条曲线之间的面积。让我们看看如何解决这些问题,
曲线之间的面积公式
假设我们在下图中给出了两条曲线,分别是f(x)和g(x) 。我们知道区间[a,b]中的f(x)≥g(x)。我们的目标是找出在给定间隔内两条曲线之间的边界区域。首先,我们找到两条曲线之间的交点。相交点是x = a和x = b。在下图中,阴影区域给出了两条曲线之间的边界区域。我们假设曲线之间有一条基本带,该带的长度为f(x)– g(x),宽度为dx。因此,两条曲线之间的边界区域为
在先前的公式中,我们假设区间[a,b]中的f(x)≥g(x)。但它并非总是如此,让我们考虑在[A,C]和F(X)≤G(X)中并[c,b],这里A
Total Area = Area of PRQS + Area of QACB
=
样本问题
问题1:找到从x = 0到x = 3的两条线f(x)= 5x和g(x)= 3x的边界区域。
解决方案:
The figure below shows both the lines,
Figure
Area =
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= 9
问题2:找出两条曲线f(x)= x 3和g(x)= x 2之间介于0和1之间的边界区域。
解决方案:
The figure below shows both the curves, to find the bounded region, we first need to find the intersections.
f(x) = g(x)
⇒x3 = x2
⇒x2(x-1) = 0
⇒ x = 0 and 1
Figure
Area =
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问题3:找出抛物线y 2 = 4x与x 2 + y 2 = 9之间的边界区域。
解决方案:
The figure below shows both the curves, to find the bounded region, we first need to find the intersections.
x2 + y2 = 12
Figure
Area =
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问题4:找出抛物线y 2 = 4x与它的子宫直肠之间的边界区域。
解决方案:
The figure below shows the parabola, and it’s latus rectum. Latus rectum is the line x = 1. We need to find the intersections,
y2 = 4
y = 2 and -2
Area = 2(Area of the region bounded by the parabola and x = 1 and x-axis in the first quadrant)
= 2(
= 2
= 4
= 4
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问题5:下图显示了一个椭圆9x 2 + y 2 = 36和一个弦PQ。在第一个象限中找到在弦和椭圆之间的封闭区域。
解决方案:
The equation of ellipse is,
=
So, now the equation of the chord becomes,
⇒ 3x + y = 6
⇒ y = 6 – 3x
So, now the required area will be.
A =
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