很多时候,已经观察到我们有一些在其分母中包含部首的表达式(即,使用根的表达式,例如√(x + y))。因此,在这样的表达式上执行简单的数学计算(例如加法,减法,乘法和除法)很困难。为了简化问题,我们执行合理化。
顾名思义,合理化是使部分理性化的过程。合理化是通过将分数的分母乘以无理数来除去其分母中的基团的过程。此过程使分母摆脱了像平方根这样的部首,从而使计算更加容易。分母乘以将其转换为有理数的数字称为合理化因子。重要的是要理解,合理化不会改变数字或函数的值。这是一种以更易于理解的更可接受形式重写分数的技术。读者可以使用计算器来确认合理化不会改变原始值。
合理化单项式激进分子
要使单项平方或立方根合理化,请说 ,其中n
Example: Let us rationalize 1/√5
So, multiple both numerator and denominator by√5
= 1/√5 × √5/√5
= √5/5
合理化二项式自由基
如果分母是线性的并且形式为+√b或+i√b,则合理化包括将分子和分母都乘以代数共轭a –√b或a –i√b。该产品随后在分母中扩展。
Example: Let us rationalize 1/1 +√5
So, multiple both numerator and denominator by 1 – √5
=
=
=
=
样本问题
问题1.解释1 /√3的含义
解决方案:
Since the denominator has square root in the denominator, it is a bit difficult to understand.
Let us write an equivalent expression where the denominator is a rational number.
Multiply and divide the given expression by √3.
We get,
1/√3 * √3/√3
= √3/3
It is easy to plot it on a number line.
1/√3 =√3/3 means a point which is at one third distance from 0 to √3.
So, we can interpret the meaning of 1/√3 as a point which lies at one third distance from 0 to √3.
问题2.使分母合理化(3 +√7)/√7
解决方案:
Multiply and divide the given expression by √7.
= (3 + √7)/√7 * (√7/√7)
= ((3 + √7).√7 )/√7.√7
= (3√7 + 7)/7
问题3.如果1 /(5 +6√3)=a√3+ b,则找到a和b的值。
解决方案:
Multiply and divide the given expression by 5 – 6√3 to rationalize it.
={1/(5 + 6√3)} * {(5 – 6√3)/(5 – 6√3}
= {1 * (5 – 6√3)}/{(5 + 6√3)(5 – 6√3)}
Using the identity (a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2
= (5 – 6√3)/{52 – (6√3)2}
=(5 – 6√3)/ 25 – 108
= (5 – 6√3)/ -83
= (6√3 – 5)/83
Given that 1/(5 + 6√3) = a√3 + b
So, (6√3 – 5)/83 = a√3 + b
It means that a = 6/83, b = -5/83
问题4.鉴于√5= 2.236。找出3 /√5的值
解决方案:
Multiply and divide the given expression by √5
=(3/√5) * (√5 /√5)
= 3 √5 /5
= 3/5 * √5
= 0.6 * 2.236
= 1.3416
问题5.合理化8 /(√5–√3)的分母
解决方案:
Multiply and divide the given expression by √5 + √3
= (8 * (√5 + √3))/((√5 – √3)√5 + √3))
Using the identity (a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2
= (8√5 + 8√3)/(√52 – √32)
= 8√5 + 8√3/(5 – 3)
= 8√5 + 8√3/2
= 4√5 + 4√3