术语片上系统(SoC)有很多定义,并且会随着时间的推移而变化,但是微控制器单元(MCU)已有几十年的明确定义。如果我们看到许多文档可以互换地使用这两个术语,那么也有许多人不认为这是可变地使用这两个术语的正确方法。它们都属于嵌入式系统领域,但它们之间仍然有很多相似之处,因此它们之间的差异很小,这使它们彼此区别开来。
当我们深入思考时,我们可以指出它们之间的一些值得注意的差异。就像在汽车和公共汽车之间进行比较时,我们将得到相同的答案,例如,两个都有轮子,两个都载有乘客,两个都有引擎,驾驶员仍然驾驶更多的汽车,当我们进行更多分析之后,我们可能会发现它们之间的差异。在MCU和SoC之间存在技术或非技术差异的情况下相同。
片上系统与微控制器之间的区别可能有点令人困惑,但没有那么令人困惑。因此,让我们通过了解两者之间的区别来开始清楚地理解概念。
1.微控制器单元(MCU):
微控制器是位于单个集成电路(IC)上的小型计算机,该集成电路包含处理器内核,内存以及可编程输入/输出(I / O)外设,计时器和计数器等。它仅提供最少的内存,接口,处理能力等。
微控制器中包含的外围设备比片上系统的专用性要低得多。它专注于小型嵌入式控制系统或控制应用程序。有时缩写为µC,uC或MCU。
2.片上系统(SoC):
SoC是一个定义不明确的术语,它是一个单芯片,可以完成过去占用多个芯片的所有工作。 SoC是CPU,微控制器,DSP,其他加速器或支持硬件中的一个或多个的封装,并且更具体地说,它没有关于应包含哪种类型的电路的特定标准。它适用于具有更高要求和更复杂要求的应用程序。 SoC中可能有许多微控制器。
它更像是单个芯片上的完整计算机系统,能够执行对资源有更高要求的复杂任务。有时缩写为SoC或SOC。
MCU和SoC之间的区别:
S.No. | MCU | SOC |
---|---|---|
01. | MCU contains single chip with less specific peripherals. | SoC contains single chip with more specific peripherals. |
02. | It is the encapsulation of less and limited peripheral. | It is the encapsulation of more number of peripherals. |
03. | It is intended for small control applications with less complexity. | It is intended for applications with more requirements and more complexity. |
04. | Micro-controllers cost is less than the cost of System on Chip. | System on Chip cost is more than the cost of Micro-controllers. |
05. | No Operating System (OS) in MCU. | SOCs can be MPU or MCU based. A compact OS is more likely if there is an OS. |
06. | Its power consumption is low. | Its power consumption depends on applications. |
07. | It provides value by minimizing cost. | It provides value by maximizing functionality. |
08. | MCU memory is often in KB or less and sometimes low MB. | SoC memory is often varies from MB to GB. |
09. | Its typical external storage varies from KB to MB and those are Flash, EEPROM. | Its typical external storage varies from MB to TB and those are Flash, SSD, HDD. |
10. | Its computing width are 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit. | Its computing width are 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit. |
11. | Its application example includes programmable thermostat, household appliances etc. | Its application example includes smartphones and other specific applications. |
12. | Its product examples include Microchip technology PIC, 8051, Atmel MCUs. | Its product examples include Cypress PSoC, Qualcomm Snapdragon. |