📜  MCU和SoC之间的区别

📅  最后修改于: 2021-06-29 12:11:17             🧑  作者: Mango

术语片上系统(SoC)有很多定义,并且会随着时间的推移而变化,但是微控制器单元(MCU)已有几十年的明确定义。如果我们看到许多文档可以互换地使用这两个术语,那么也有许多人不认为这是可变地使用这两个术语的正确方法。它们都属于嵌入式系统领域,但它们之间仍然有很多相似之处,因此它们之间的差异很小,这使它们彼此区别开来。

当我们深入思考时,我们可以指出它们之间的一些值得注意的差异。就像在汽车和公共汽车之间进行比较时,我们将得到相同的答案,例如,两个都有轮子,两个都载有乘客,两个都有引擎,驾驶员仍然驾驶更多的汽车,当我们进行更多分析之后,我们可能会发现它们之间的差异。在MCU和SoC之间存在技术或非技术差异的情况下相同。

片上系统与微控制器之间的区别可能有点令人困惑,但没有那么令人困惑。因此,让我们通过了解两者之间的区别来开始清楚地理解概念。

1.微控制器单元(MCU):
微控制器是位于单个集成电路(IC)上的小型计算机,该集成电路包含处理器内核,内存以及可编程输入/输出(I / O)外设,计时器和计数器等。它仅提供最少的内存,接口,处理能力等。

微控制器中包含的外围设备比片上系统的专用性要低得多。它专注于小型嵌入式控制系统或控制应用程序。有时缩写为µC,uC或MCU。

2.片上系统(SoC):
SoC是一个定义不明确的术语,它是一个单芯片,可以完成过去占用多个芯片的所有工作。 SoC是CPU,微控制器,DSP,其他加速器或支持硬件中的一个或多个的封装,并且更具体地说,它没有关于应包含哪种类型的电路的特定标准。它适用于具有更高要求和更复杂要求的应用程序。 SoC中可能有许多微控制器。

它更像是单个芯片上的完整计算机系统,能够执行对资源有更高要求的复杂任务。有时缩写为SoC或SOC。

MCU和SoC之间的区别:

S.No. MCU SOC
01. MCU contains single chip with less specific peripherals. SoC contains single chip with more specific peripherals.
02. It is the encapsulation of less and limited peripheral. It is the encapsulation of more number of peripherals.
03. It is intended for small control applications with less complexity. It is intended for applications with more requirements and more complexity.
04. Micro-controllers cost is less than the cost of System on Chip. System on Chip cost is more than the cost of Micro-controllers.
05. No Operating System (OS) in MCU. SOCs can be MPU or MCU based. A compact OS is more likely if there is an OS.
06. Its power consumption is low. Its power consumption depends on applications.
07. It provides value by minimizing cost. It provides value by maximizing functionality.
08. MCU memory is often in KB or less and sometimes low MB. SoC memory is often varies from MB to GB.
09. Its typical external storage varies from KB to MB and those are Flash, EEPROM. Its typical external storage varies from MB to TB and those are Flash, SSD, HDD.
10. Its computing width are 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit. Its computing width are 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit.
11. Its application example includes programmable thermostat, household appliances etc. Its application example includes smartphones and other specific applications.
12. Its product examples include Microchip technology PIC, 8051, Atmel MCUs. Its product examples include Cypress PSoC, Qualcomm Snapdragon.