📜  MCU和SoC的区别

📅  最后修改于: 2021-09-13 02:45:19             🧑  作者: Mango

片上系统(SoC)这个术语有很多定义,而且随着时间的推移会发生变化,但微控制器单元(MCU)从几十年前就有了明确的定义。如果我们会看到许多文档交替使用这两个术语,而许多人也不认为这是交替使用这两个术语的正确方法。它们都属于嵌入式系统领域,但仍然有很多相似之处,它们之间的差异很小,这使它们彼此不同。

当我们深入思考时,我们可以指出它们之间一些值得注意的差异。就像比较汽车和公共汽车一样,我们会得到相同的答案,比如都有轮子,都有乘客,都有引擎,司机驾驶它们的次数更多,当我们进行更多分析时,我们可能会发现它们之间的区别。在 MCU 和 SoC 的情况下也是如此,它们之间存在一些技术或非技术差异。

片上系统和微控制器之间的区别可能有点令人困惑,但并没有那么令人困惑。因此,让我们通过了解两者之间的区别来开始清楚地理解这个概念。

1. 微控制器单元(MCU):
微控制器是单个集成电路 (IC) 上的小型计算机,它包含处理器内核、存储器和可编程输入/输出 (I/O) 外设、定时器和计数器等。它只提供最少的内存、接口、处理能力等。

微控制器中包含的外设远不如片上系统特定。它专注于小型嵌入式控制系统或控制应用程序。有时缩写为 µC、uC 或 MCU。

2. 片上系统(SoC):
SoC 是一个不太明确的术语。它是一个单一的芯片,它完成了过去占用多个芯片的所有工作。 SoC 是一个或多个 CPU、微控制器、DSP、其他加速器或支持硬件的封装,更具体地说,它没有关于它应该包含什么类型的电路的特定标准。它适用于具有更多要求和更复杂的应用程序。 SoC 中可能有许多微控制器。

它更像是一个完整的单芯片计算机系统,能够执行具有更高资源需求的复杂任务。有时缩写为 SoC 或 SOC。

MCU和SoC的区别:

S.No. MCU SOC
01. MCU contains single chip with less specific peripherals. SoC contains single chip with more specific peripherals.
02. It is the encapsulation of less and limited peripheral. It is the encapsulation of more number of peripherals.
03. It is intended for small control applications with less complexity. It is intended for applications with more requirements and more complexity.
04. Micro-controllers cost is less than the cost of System on Chip. System on Chip cost is more than the cost of Micro-controllers.
05. No Operating System (OS) in MCU. SOCs can be MPU or MCU based. A compact OS is more likely if there is an OS.
06. Its power consumption is low. Its power consumption depends on applications.
07. It provides value by minimizing cost. It provides value by maximizing functionality.
08. MCU memory is often in KB or less and sometimes low MB. SoC memory is often varies from MB to GB.
09. Its typical external storage varies from KB to MB and those are Flash, EEPROM. Its typical external storage varies from MB to TB and those are Flash, SSD, HDD.
10. Its computing width are 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit. Its computing width are 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit.
11. Its application example includes programmable thermostat, household appliances etc. Its application example includes smartphones and other specific applications.
12. Its product examples include Microchip technology PIC, 8051, Atmel MCUs. Its product examples include Cypress PSoC, Qualcomm Snapdragon.