片上系统(SoC)这个术语有很多定义,而且随着时间的推移会发生变化,但微控制器单元(MCU)从几十年前就有了明确的定义。如果我们会看到许多文档交替使用这两个术语,而许多人也不认为这是交替使用这两个术语的正确方法。它们都属于嵌入式系统领域,但仍然有很多相似之处,它们之间的差异很小,这使它们彼此不同。
当我们深入思考时,我们可以指出它们之间一些值得注意的差异。就像比较汽车和公共汽车一样,我们会得到相同的答案,比如都有轮子,都有乘客,都有引擎,司机驾驶它们的次数更多,当我们进行更多分析时,我们可能会发现它们之间的区别。在 MCU 和 SoC 的情况下也是如此,它们之间存在一些技术或非技术差异。
片上系统和微控制器之间的区别可能有点令人困惑,但并没有那么令人困惑。因此,让我们通过了解两者之间的区别来开始清楚地理解这个概念。
1. 微控制器单元(MCU):
微控制器是单个集成电路 (IC) 上的小型计算机,它包含处理器内核、存储器和可编程输入/输出 (I/O) 外设、定时器和计数器等。它只提供最少的内存、接口、处理能力等。
微控制器中包含的外设远不如片上系统特定。它专注于小型嵌入式控制系统或控制应用程序。有时缩写为 µC、uC 或 MCU。
2. 片上系统(SoC):
SoC 是一个不太明确的术语。它是一个单一的芯片,它完成了过去占用多个芯片的所有工作。 SoC 是一个或多个 CPU、微控制器、DSP、其他加速器或支持硬件的封装,更具体地说,它没有关于它应该包含什么类型的电路的特定标准。它适用于具有更多要求和更复杂的应用程序。 SoC 中可能有许多微控制器。
它更像是一个完整的单芯片计算机系统,能够执行具有更高资源需求的复杂任务。有时缩写为 SoC 或 SOC。
MCU和SoC的区别:
S.No. | MCU | SOC |
---|---|---|
01. | MCU contains single chip with less specific peripherals. | SoC contains single chip with more specific peripherals. |
02. | It is the encapsulation of less and limited peripheral. | It is the encapsulation of more number of peripherals. |
03. | It is intended for small control applications with less complexity. | It is intended for applications with more requirements and more complexity. |
04. | Micro-controllers cost is less than the cost of System on Chip. | System on Chip cost is more than the cost of Micro-controllers. |
05. | No Operating System (OS) in MCU. | SOCs can be MPU or MCU based. A compact OS is more likely if there is an OS. |
06. | Its power consumption is low. | Its power consumption depends on applications. |
07. | It provides value by minimizing cost. | It provides value by maximizing functionality. |
08. | MCU memory is often in KB or less and sometimes low MB. | SoC memory is often varies from MB to GB. |
09. | Its typical external storage varies from KB to MB and those are Flash, EEPROM. | Its typical external storage varies from MB to TB and those are Flash, SSD, HDD. |
10. | Its computing width are 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit. | Its computing width are 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit. |
11. | Its application example includes programmable thermostat, household appliances etc. | Its application example includes smartphones and other specific applications. |
12. | Its product examples include Microchip technology PIC, 8051, Atmel MCUs. | Its product examples include Cypress PSoC, Qualcomm Snapdragon. |