先决条件–微控制器(µC)和微处理器(µP)之间的差异
微控制器是单个集成电路(IC),可与小型独立计算机相媲美,它旨在执行嵌入式系统的特定任务。微控制器包含处理单元,但内存量很小(ROM,RAM等),外围设备,计时器等的IO端口很少。AVR和ARM属于微控制器家族。但是ARM既可以用作微处理器,也可以用作微处理器。 ARM微控制器和AVR微控制器在不同的体系结构以及不同的指令集,速度,强制转换,内存,功耗,总线宽度等方面彼此不同。现在,让我们详细了解它们之间的区别。
1. AVR微控制器:
AVR微控制器由Atmel公司于1996年制造。它基于RISC指令集体系结构(ISA),也称为高级虚拟RISC。 AT90S8515是最初的微控制器,属于AVR系列。 AVR微控制器是最流行的控制器类别,而且价格便宜。它被用于许多机器人应用中。
2. ARM微控制器:
ARM微控制器由Acron计算机组织引入,由Apple,Nvidia,Qualcomm,摩托罗拉,ST Microelectronics,三星电子和TI等制造。它基于RISC指令集体系结构(ISA),也称为Advanced RISC Micro -控制器。它是最受欢迎的微控制器,并且大多数行业都将其用于嵌入式系统,因为它具有大量功能,并且可以生产出外观精美的设备。
AVR和ARM之间的区别:
S.No. | AVR | ARM |
---|---|---|
01. | AVR micro controller refers to Advanced Virtual RISC (AVR). | ARM micro controller refers to Advanced RISC Micro-controller (ARM). |
02. | It has bus width of 8 bit or 32 bit. | It has bus width of 32 bit and also available in 64 bit. |
03. | It uses ART, USART, SPI, I2C communication protocol. | It uses SPI, CAN, Ethernet, I2S, DSP, SAI, UART, USART communication protocol. |
04. | Its speed is 1 clock per instruction cycle. | Its speed is also 1 clock per instruction cycle. |
05. | Its manufacturer is Atmel company. | Its manufacturer is Apple, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics and TI etc. |
06. | It uses Flash, SRAM, EEPROM memory. | It uses Flash, SDRAM, EEPROM memory. |
07. | Its family includes Tiny, Atmega, Xmega, special purpose AVR. | Its family includes ARMv4, 5, 6, 7 and series. |
08. | It is cheap and effective. | It provides high speed operation. |
09. | Popular micro-controllers include Atmega8, 16, 32, Arduino Community. | Popular micro-controllers include LPC2148, ARM Cortex-M0 to ARM Cortex-M7, etc. |