先决条件 – 微控制器 (µC) 和微处理器 (µP)
微控制器是单个集成电路(IC),可与小型独立计算机相媲美,旨在执行嵌入式系统的特定任务。 8051 和 ARM 属于微控制器家族。 8051 微控制器和ARM 微控制器在不同的架构和不同的指令集、速度、类型转换、内存、功耗、总线宽度等方面彼此不同。 现在让我们详细了解它们究竟是什么以及它们有何不同从彼此。
1. 8051 微控制器:
它是一个 8 位微控制器系列。它是一款入门级微控制器,用于世界各地的大多数基本应用,功耗低,预算低。由Intel于1981年开发。8051微控制器具有串行通信、定时器、中断等多种功能。该微控制器用于各种设备,主要领域包括汽车、医疗设备和能源管理。现在 8051 微控制器可能看起来有点过时,但仍然被推荐作为开始使用 8051 微控制器的微控制器概念的最佳平台,尽管这种趋势似乎随着 Arduino 的引入而改变AVR 社区。
2. ARM 微控制器:
ARM 微控制器由 Acron 计算机组织推出,由 Apple、Nvidia、Qualcomm、Motorola、ST Microelectronics、Samsung Electronics 和 TI 等制造。ARM 处理器属于基于精简指令集计算机 (RISC) 的 CPU 家族。 ) 和 ARM 微处理器在单个芯片中具有 RAM、ROM 和其他外设,我们得到一个 ARM 微控制器,例如 LPC2148。它基于 RISC 指令集架构 (ISA),也称为高级 RISC 机器。它是最受欢迎的微控制器,大多数行业将其用于嵌入式系统,因为它提供了大量的功能,并且有利于生产具有出色外观的设备。
8051和ARM的区别:
S.No. | 8051 | ARM |
---|---|---|
1. | 8 bit for standard core bus width is present in 8051 micro-controller. | Mostly 32 bit bus width is present in ARM micro-controller and also 64-bit is available. |
2. | Its speed is 12 clock cycles per machine cycle. | Its speed is 1 clock cycle per machine cycle. |
3. | UART, USART, I2C, SPI, communication protocols are used. | UART, USART, Ethernet, I2S, DSP, SPI, CAN, LIN, I2C communication protocols are used. |
4. | Flash, ROM, SRAM memory is used in 8051 micro-controller. | Flash, EEPROM, SDRAM memory is used in ARM micro-controller. |
5. | It is based on CISC Instruction set Architecture. | It is based on RISC Instruction Set Architecture. |
6. | 8051 micro-controller is a Harvard-based architecture, but it allows us to connect external memory and simulate von Neumann’s architecture. | PIC micro-controller is based on Havard architecture. |
7. | Power consumption of 8051 micro-controller is average. | Power consumption of ARM micro-controller is low. |
8. | Its families include 8051 variants. | Its families include ARMv4, 5, 6, 7 and cortex series. |
9. | Its manufacturers are Atmel, NXP, Silicon Labs, Dallas, Cyprus, Infineon, etc. | Its manufacturers are Nvidia, Qualcomm, Apple, Samsung Electronics, and TI etc. |
10. | 8051 micro-controller costs very low as compared to features provided. | ARM micro-controller costs low as compared to features provided. |
11. | Popular micro-controllers include AT89C51, P89v51, etc. | Popular micro-controllers include ARM Cortex-M0 to ARM Cortex-M7, etc. |