先决条件–微控制器(µC)和微处理器(µP)之间的差异
微控制器是一个单集成电路(IC)，可与一台小型独立计算机相提并论，它旨在管理嵌入式系统中的特定操作。一个微控制器包含处理单元和少量存储器(ROM，RAM等)，很少有用于外围设备的I / O端口，计时器等。我们可以说这是一个小型且低成本的微型计算机。 ARM和PIC属于微控制器家族。 PIC微控制器和ARM微控制器在不同的体系结构以及不同的指令集，速度，转换，内存，功耗，总线宽度等方面彼此不同。现在，让我们详细了解它们之间的区别。
1. PIC微控制器：
PIC单片机最初被称为外围接口控制器，现在被称为可编程智能计算机。它属于Microchip Technology制造的微控制器家族。它最初是由通用仪器公司的微电子学于1993年开发的。可以对其进行编程以执行各种各样的任务。 PIC微控制器提供8位，16位和32位版本。它基于RISC指令集架构和哈佛内存架构。
2. ARM微控制器：
ARM微控制器是由Acron计算机组织引入的Advanced RISC Machine，由Apple，Nvidia，Qualcomm，Motorola，ST Microelectronics，Samsung Electronics和TI等公司生产。ARM处理器属于基于CPU的家族在精简指令集计算机(RISC)和ARM微处理器(在一个芯片上具有RAM，ROM和其他外围设备)上，我们得到了一个ARM微控制器。 LPC2148是ARM微控制器的一个示例。它基于RISC指令集体系结构(ISA)。它是成本敏感的高性能设备，并广泛用于嵌入式应用中，例如工业仪器控制系统等。
PIC和ARM之间的区别：
| S.No. | PIC | ARM |
|---|---|---|
| 01. | PIC micro-controller refers to Peripheral Interface Controller. | ARM micro-controller refers to Advanced RISC Machine. |
| 02. | PIC micro-controllers are available in 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit. | ARM micro-controllers are available in 32-bit mostly also available in 64-bit. |
| 03. | It supports PIC, UART, USART, CAN, LIN, Ethernet, SPI, I2S communication protocol. | It supports UART, USART, SPI, CAN, LIN, I2C, Ethernet, I2S, DSP, SAI communication protocol. |
| 04. | It has an effective instruction rate of 4 clock cycles per instruction. | It has an effective instruction rate of 1 clock cycles per instruction. |
| 05. | It uses SRAM, Flash memory. | It uses Flash, SDRAM, EEPROM memory. |
| 06. | It is based on some feature of RISC. | It is based on RISC instruction set architecture. |
| 07. | It is based on Harvard memory architecture. | It is based on modified Harvard architecture. |
| 08. | PIC micro-controller family includes PIC16, PIC17, PIC18, PIC24, PIC32. | ARM micro-controller family includes ARMv4, 5, 6, 7 and series. |
| 09. | It has a very good community support. | It has a vast community support. |
| 10. | Its manufacturer is Microchip. | Its manufacturers are Apple, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics, and TI etc. |
| 11. | Its is available with an average cost as compared to the features. | Its is available with a low cost as compared to the features. |
| 12. | Popular micro-controllers include PIC18fXX8, PIC16f88X, PIC32MXX. | Popular micro-controllers include LPC2148, ARM Cortex-M0 to ARM Cortex-M7, etc. |