先决条件 – 微控制器 (µC) 和微处理器 (µP) 之间的区别
微控制器是单个集成电路 (IC),可与小型独立计算机相媲美,旨在执行嵌入式系统的特定任务。微控制器包含处理单元,但包含少量内存(ROM、RAM 等),很少有用于外设、定时器等的 IO 端口。AVR 和 ARM 属于微控制器家族。但是 ARM 既可以用作微控制器,也可以用作微处理器。 ARM微控制器和AVR微控制器在不同的架构和不同的指令集、速度、转换、内存、功耗、总线宽度等方面彼此不同。现在让我们详细了解它们之间的区别。
1. AVR 微控制器:
AVR 微控制器由 Atmel 公司于 1996 年制造。它基于 RISC 指令集架构 (ISA),也称为高级虚拟 RISC。 AT90S8515 是最初属于 AVR 家族的微控制器。 AVR 微控制器是最受欢迎的控制器类别,而且价格便宜。它用于许多机器人应用。
2. ARM 微控制器:
ARM 微控制器由 Acron 计算机组织推出,由 Apple、Nvidia、Qualcomm、Motorola、ST Microelectronics、Samsung Electronics 和 TI 等制造。它基于 RISC 指令集架构(ISA),也称为 Advanced RISC Micro -控制器。它是最受欢迎的微控制器,大多数行业将其用于嵌入式系统,因为它提供了大量的功能,并且有利于生产具有出色外观的设备。
AVR和ARM的区别:
S.No. | AVR | ARM |
---|---|---|
01. | AVR micro controller refers to Advanced Virtual RISC (AVR). | ARM micro controller refers to Advanced RISC Micro-controller (ARM). |
02. | It has bus width of 8 bit or 32 bit. | It has bus width of 32 bit and also available in 64 bit. |
03. | It uses ART, USART, SPI, I2C communication protocol. | It uses SPI, CAN, Ethernet, I2S, DSP, SAI, UART, USART communication protocol. |
04. | Its speed is 1 clock per instruction cycle. | Its speed is also 1 clock per instruction cycle. |
05. | Its manufacturer is Atmel company. | Its manufacturer is Apple, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics and TI etc. |
06. | It uses Flash, SRAM, EEPROM memory. | It uses Flash, SDRAM, EEPROM memory. |
07. | Its family includes Tiny, Atmega, Xmega, special purpose AVR. | Its family includes ARMv4, 5, 6, 7 and series. |
08. | It is cheap and effective. | It provides high speed operation. |
09. | Popular micro-controllers include Atmega8, 16, 32, Arduino Community. | Popular micro-controllers include LPC2148, ARM Cortex-M0 to ARM Cortex-M7, etc. |